英语必考语法:主谓一致3大原则+8大特例,一篇搞定!

2025-08-31 22:57 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:8人

什么是主谓一致?

先来做几道题,看看你是否也掉过这些坑:

The list of items (is/are) on the desk.

Bread and butter (is/are) my favorite breakfast.

Neither he nor I (is/am/are) wrong.

Ten thousand dollars (is/are) a large sum of money.

如果你的答案不是非常肯定,那么这篇干货就是为你准备的!主谓一致,顾名思义,就是句子的谓语动词必须和它的主语在人称(第一、二、三人称)和数(单数、复数)上保持一致。 说起来简单,但遇到复杂主语时,很多人都会懵圈。

主谓一致,有三大核心原则!

1、语法一致原则:即根据主语的语法形式来决定谓语动词的单复数。

A book is on the table. (一本书,单数)

Many books are on the table. (许多本书,复数)

2、意义一致原则:有时主语形式是单数,但意义是复数,或反之。这时要根据其实际含义来决定。

The police are looking for him. (警察是集体概念,指多个警察,用复数)

Ten years is a long time. (十年作为一个整体时间概念,用单数)

3、就近原则:由 or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also 等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与离它最近的那个主语保持一致。

Neither he nor I am wrong. (我离动词最近,用am)

Not only the students but also the teacher was surprised. (老师离动词最近,用was)

如果你以为这就完了,那就错啦,主谓一致还有8大难点。

1、集体名词作主语

  • 强调整体时,用单数:class, family, team, group, government, audience 等。

    • Our team is the best. (我们队是最棒的。强调整体。)

  • 强调集体中的个体成员时,用复数。

    • Our team are having dinner. (我们队的队员们正在吃饭。强调个体。)

2、“of”短语修饰主语

  • 核心原则:谓语动词与of前面的核心主语保持一致。

    • The list of items is on the desk. (清单是单数)

    • Many kinds of apple are grown here. (许多种类是复数)

3、并列结构作主语

  • and/both...and 连接,通常表示复数概念,用复数。

    • He and I are friends.

  • 表示同一人、同一物或同一概念时,用单数。

    • Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast. (黄油面包是一种食物)

    • The poet and writer has come. (这位诗人兼作家来了。指同一个人)

4、不定代词作主语

  • 总是用单数:each, either, neither, one, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing

    • Everybody is here.

    • Somebody wants to see you.

5、表示“数量、时间、距离、金额”的复数名词作主语

  • 通常被视为一个整体概念,用单数。

    • Ten thousand dollars is a large sum. (一万美元是一大笔钱。)

    • Fifty years has passed. (五十年过去了。)

6、 “名词+介词短语”作主语

  • 常见介词:with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, except, including等。

  • 核心原则:谓语动词与第一个主语(即介词前面的核心主语)保持一致。这些介词短语是插入成分,不影响主语的数。

    • The teacher, as well as his students, is excited. (老师是单数)

    • The students, together with their teacher, are excited. (学生们是复数)

7、不定式、动名词、从句作主语

  • 视为单数概念。

    • To see is to believe. (不定式作主语)

    • Swimming is good for health. (动名词作主语)

    • What he said is true. (主语从句作主语)

8、 “the + 形容词”作主语

  • 表示一类人,用复数:the poor, the rich, the young, the old。

    • The poor need more help.

  • 表示抽象概念,用单数。

    • The beautiful is not always the good.

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