什么是主谓一致?
先来做几道题,看看你是否也掉过这些坑:
The list of items (is/are) on the desk.
Bread and butter (is/are) my favorite breakfast.
Neither he nor I (is/am/are) wrong.
Ten thousand dollars (is/are) a large sum of money.
如果你的答案不是非常肯定,那么这篇干货就是为你准备的!主谓一致,顾名思义,就是句子的谓语动词必须和它的主语在人称(第一、二、三人称)和数(单数、复数)上保持一致。 说起来简单,但遇到复杂主语时,很多人都会懵圈。
主谓一致,有三大核心原则!
1、语法一致原则:即根据主语的语法形式来决定谓语动词的单复数。
A book is on the table. (一本书,单数)
Many books are on the table. (许多本书,复数)
2、意义一致原则:有时主语形式是单数,但意义是复数,或反之。这时要根据其实际含义来决定。
The police are looking for him. (警察是集体概念,指多个警察,用复数)
Ten years is a long time. (十年作为一个整体时间概念,用单数)
3、就近原则:由 or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also 等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与离它最近的那个主语保持一致。
Neither he nor I am wrong. (我离动词最近,用am)
Not only the students but also the teacher was surprised. (老师离动词最近,用was)
如果你以为这就完了,那就错啦,主谓一致还有8大难点。
1、集体名词作主语
强调整体时,用单数:class, family, team, group, government, audience 等。
Our team is the best. (我们队是最棒的。强调整体。)
强调集体中的个体成员时,用复数。
Our team are having dinner. (我们队的队员们正在吃饭。强调个体。)
2、“of”短语修饰主语
核心原则:谓语动词与of前面的核心主语保持一致。
The list of items is on the desk. (清单是单数)
Many kinds of apple are grown here. (许多种类是复数)
3、并列结构作主语
and/both...and 连接,通常表示复数概念,用复数。
He and I are friends.
表示同一人、同一物或同一概念时,用单数。
Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast. (黄油面包是一种食物)
The poet and writer has come. (这位诗人兼作家来了。指同一个人)
4、不定代词作主语
总是用单数:each, either, neither, one, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing
Everybody is here.
Somebody wants to see you.
5、表示“数量、时间、距离、金额”的复数名词作主语
通常被视为一个整体概念,用单数。
Ten thousand dollars is a large sum. (一万美元是一大笔钱。)
Fifty years has passed. (五十年过去了。)
6、 “名词+介词短语”作主语
常见介词:with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, except, including等。
核心原则:谓语动词与第一个主语(即介词前面的核心主语)保持一致。这些介词短语是插入成分,不影响主语的数。
The teacher, as well as his students, is excited. (老师是单数)
The students, together with their teacher, are excited. (学生们是复数)
7、不定式、动名词、从句作主语
视为单数概念。
To see is to believe. (不定式作主语)
Swimming is good for health. (动名词作主语)
What he said is true. (主语从句作主语)
8、 “the + 形容词”作主语
表示一类人,用复数:the poor, the rich, the young, the old。
The poor need more help.
表示抽象概念,用单数。
The beautiful is not always the good.