英语介词to与不定式to的区别!

2025-07-30 07:38 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:49人

一、语法功能

1、介词to:是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,构成介词短语,在句中作状语、补语等,表示方向、目的地、时间终点、对象、比较、对应关系等。如:

①I went to the park.

(to表示方向,公园是目的地);

②The meeting lasted from 9 to 12.

(to表示时间终点)。

2、不定式to:是动词不定式的一部分,后接动词原形,构成“to do”结构,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等,表示目的、结果、动作等。如:

①I want to eat a banana.

(to eat作宾语,表示“想吃”这个动作);

②It's important to drink water for us in summer.(to drink作主语,表示“喝水”这件事)。

二、语义侧重点

1、介词to:侧重于表示一种关系或方向,强调与所接成分之间的联系,如空间上的朝向、时间上的截止、对象上的指向等。如

Give the book to me.

(to表示动作的接收者是我)。

2、不定式to:侧重于表示动作本身,强调动作的目的、意图、结果等。如

He came here to study.

(to study表示他来这里的目的是学习)。

三、常见搭配

介词to:

1、介词to:常见搭配有

look forward to doing(盼望…)

according to (根据)

close to (靠近,几乎)

due to (由于)

in addition to (除...之外还)

next to (紧挨着)

on the way to (在去...的路上)

in relation to (关于,与...有关)

as opposed to (与...相对)

face to face (面对面)

back to back (背靠背)

be used to doing(习惯于做……)

object to doing sth.(反对做某事)

devote to(致力于)

prefer A to B(和B比起来,更喜欢A)

①Professor Wei Dongyi from Peking University is dedicated to his mathematical research every day.北大教授韦东奕每天致力于他的数学研究。

②I'm looking forward to seeing you.(to seeing是介词短语,表示期待看到对方这个动作)。

③Grandpa is used to playing Tai Chi in the park every morning.爷爷习惯于每天早上去公园打太极拳。

④On the way to the station, I saw a poor stray cat and brought it home.在去车站的路上,我看到了一只可怜的流浪猫,我把它带回家了。

⑤The children didn't go to school due to the rainstorm.由于暴雨,孩子们没有去上学。

2、不定式to:常见搭配有

want to do sth.=would like to do sth.(想要)

hope to do sth.希望……

decide to do sth.(决定做某事)

try to do sth.(尽力/努力做某事)

be able to dosth.(能够做某事)

amazed to (惊讶于)

angry to (生气于)

anxious to (渴望)

ashamed to (羞于)

astonished to (震惊于)

careful to (小心)

certain to (肯定)

curious to (好奇)

delighted to (高兴)

determined to (决心)

disappointed to (失望于)

eager to (渴望)

fortunate to (幸运)

happy to (乐意)

likely to (可能)

lucky to (幸运)

pleased to (高兴)

proud to (自豪)

ready to (准备好)

relieved to (宽慰)

sad to (难过)

shocked to (震惊于)

sorry to (抱歉)

surprised to (惊讶于)

sure to (一定)

unlikely to (不太可能)

willing to (愿意) 。如:

①The classmates were surprised to achieve such good results for Tom in this physics test.同学们对汤姆在这次物理考试中取得如此好的成绩感到惊讶。

②I am willing to help my mother with housework .我愿意帮妈妈干家务活。

③She hopes to succeed.(to succeed是不定式,表示她希望成功的这个动作)。

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