not only… but also倒装用法解说

2024-05-06 06:00 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:18人

1. 如果置于句首的not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语(成分),不可用倒装结构,如:

Not only the students but also the teacher was invited.
不仅学生们被邀请,而且那位教师也被邀请了。(连接主语)

Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。(连接主语)

Not only you but also I am fond of music.不但是你,而且我也喜欢音乐。(连接主语)

The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.

英国人和美国人不但语言相同,而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。(连接谓语动词)

The problem for the recipient was trying to guess not only who the sender was, but also what his secret feelings might be.

收信人不仅要尽力猜出是谁的,还要推测寄信人内心有什么想法。(连接宾语)

Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.

浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了高兴,也会使人更加活泼。(连接宾语补足语)

Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor。

莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家,而且是一位演员。(连接表语)

Man has become master not only of the sky but also of the space.

人类不但征服了天空,而且征服了太空。(连接定语)

He didn’t let us off the hook until we had proved not only that we knew what an organism was but also that we had the fortitude to stand up for the truth.

直到我们证明了我们不仅知道什么是生物体,而且具有坚持真理的不屈不挠精神时,他这才放过我们。(连接从句)

If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults, take what he says not merely pleasantly but thank fully.(连接状语)

如果低你的朋友善意地指明出你的缺点,你不但要欣然接受,而且要心怀感激之情。

2.为了强调和加强语气,只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句,而且 not only位于句首时才在第一个分句用倒装结构。例如:

Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring or difficult work is unnoticed.

母亲们不仅得不到报酬,而且所干的乏味艰辛的活儿也很少被留意。

Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.

他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.

不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了。

Not only did he refuse the gift,he also severely criticized the sender.

他没有收下礼物,还狠狠批评了送礼的人。

Not only can he speak Chinese well, but also he can speak French fluently.他不但汉语说得好,而且法语说得也很流利。

Not only does he like math, but also he likes English. 他不但喜欢数学,而且喜欢英语。

Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.

他不仅有着头等聪明的脑子,而且工作很能吃苦。

Not only has the activity increased public awareness of world hunger,but raised a lot of money for the poor children.

这项活动不仅提高了公众的世界饥荒意识,而且也为贫穷孩子筹集了很多钱。

Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work. 她不仅仅迟到了3次,她还没干一点活。

Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water. 他们不但需要衣服,而且还缺水。

Not only is his right lung affected but his left lung is also.

他不但右肺被感染,而且左肺也被感染了。

作为一般考生掌握了以上知识基本可以秒杀到博考了。但是,如果想学的透彻全面,下面的知识点还需要继续研习:

not only...but also的倒装用法一:连接两个不同形式的谓语

如果用not only...but also对某一个人或者事物进行两次具有递进关系的描述,但两次描述的谓语形式不同,即用“be+表语”构成一个性质(状态)的描述,用行为动词构成一个动作(行为)的描述,这时候就必须使用倒装结构。原因是两个句子中的谓语形式不同的情况下,我们就应该看做是对两个分句进行递进连接,所以not only和but also分别置于两个分句句首,第一个分句引起部分倒装。例如:

原文:她不仅仅多思善虑,而且总是舍己为人。

译文一:She is not only thoughtful, but (also) sacrifices her own interests for those of others. (误)

译文二:Not only is she thoughtful, but (also) she sacrifices her own interests for those of others. (正)

分析:原文中有两个谓语描述,一个是性质(状态)的“be thoughtful”,另一个是行为(动作)的“sacrifice”。如果按照译文一的方法写出来,not only 放在第一个分句的be动词后,而but also却放在后一个分句的主语后面,这就明显地造成两个连词连接的成分不对等,于是应该按照译文二的方式表达,即连接两个分句,not only和but also分别置于分句句首,前面的分句构成部分倒装。

not only...but also的倒装用法二:连接两个相同形式的谓语

如果是对某一个人或事物进行两次具有递进关系的描述,而且描述的谓语形式相同,即同为“be+表语”构成性质(状态)的描述,或同为行为动词构成动作(行为)的描述,这时候不是必须使用倒装结构,但也可以使用倒装结构来增强表意的强度。请看实例:

原文:她不仅仅多思善虑,而且心胸开阔。

译文一:She is not only thoughtful, but (also) broad-minded.

译文二:Not only is she thoughtful, but (also) she is broad-minded.

分析:原文中是两次用“be+表语”构成性质(状态)的描述,所以译文一(不倒装)是完全可以的,这时候可以共用be动词,即not only...but also连接两个表语即可。但是如果作者需要加强表达的语气,就可以用译文二的形式,用not only...but also的倒装用法引出两个分句。

同样的道理,如果是not only...but also连接两个由行为动词构成的动作(行为)的描述,也有两种方式。请看例句:

原文:他不仅仅指正了我的错误,还指导了我如果避免这些错误。

译文一:He not only corrected my mistake, but (also) instructed me to avoid repeating them.

译文二:Not only did he correct my mistake, but (also) he instructed me to avoid repeating them.

结语:

Not only...but also的倒装用法非常重要。学习者在使用not only...but also的倒装用法时,务必注意“一个条件”:即并列谓语;“两个可能”:一是两种不同形式的谓语(必须倒装),二是两个相同形式的谓语(在表示强调语气时可以倒装)。

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