不定式符号to的省略与保留

2024-05-15 12:59 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:235人

(1)在had better, would rather (...than), would sooner ...than, cannot but, why not结构后的不定式符号to要省略。

You'd better get some sleep.你最好去睡一会儿。

I cannot but choose to go.我只好去那儿。

Why not give it a try? 为什么不试试呢?

(2)动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的宾语,且介词前有行为动词do(或其他形式),不定式符号to要省略。

What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳,你还喜欢做什么?

She does nothing but complain about her fate. 她只是抱怨自己的命运不好,什么事也没做。

(3)两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常省略;如果表示对比关系,则不定式符号to保留。

They didn't tell me whether to go on or to stop. 他们没有告诉我是要继续还是要停止。(or表示对比)

She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back. 她让孩子待在那里等她回来。(and表示并列)

(4)在hear, notice, see, make等感官动词或使役动词后充当宾语补足语的不定式中,不定式符号to省略,但在被动语态的句子中,不定式符号to保留。

They made that man work all the morning. 他们让那个人干了一个早晨。

That man was made to work all the morning. 那个人被要求干了一个早晨。

(5)不定式短语作表语时,不定式符号to要保留,但当what引导的名词性从句作主语,或all, everything等后接定语从句作主语,从句谓语部分含有动词do(或其他形式),作表语的不定式可保留也可省略不定式符号to。

The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all. 最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。

The only thing I can do now is (to) go on by myself. 我现在唯一能做的就是靠自己继续进行下去。

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