在英语的语法世界里,“so...that”和“such...that”就像一对有趣的双胞胎,都用于表达因果关系,但用法上却有着微妙的差异。今天,就让我们一起深入探究,把这两个句型的用法彻底搞清楚!
一、so...that 句型:程度引发结果
(一)、 基本结构与核心用法:
“so...that”用于表达“如此……以至于……”的因果关系,基本结构为“so + 形容词副词 + that + 结果从句”
The water was so hot that I couldn't drink it .
水太烫了,我喝不下去 ,通过这个结构,我们能轻松描述各种日常场景。
(二)、 不同结构示例
1、 形容词结构:
The books are so heavy that I can't lift them.
这些书太重了,我搬不动。
My little sister is so cute that everyone wants to hold her
我的小妹妹如此可爱以至于每个人都想要抱抱她)
The flowers are so beautiful that we all like them.
这些花真漂亮以至于我们都喜欢,在这些句子中,“so”修饰形容词,强调事物的某种性质达到了一定程度,从而导致后面的结果。
2、副词结构:
The students of our class ran so fast that they won the race.
我们班的学生跑得如此快,以至我们班获胜
The foreign teacher spoke so quickly that I couldn't hear him.
外教老师说得如此快以致于我没听懂。这里“so”修饰副词,突出动作的程度,进而引出结果。
3、固定搭配:
Sister had so much homework that she stayed up late.
姐姐有太多的家庭作业,所以她熬夜了 。
The students made so many mistakes in this test that the teacher was surprised.同学们在这次考试中出现这么多的错误,以至老师感到惊讶。
※:当名词前出现“much”“many”等词时,要用“so...that”结构。
(三)、 应用场景举例
1、 天气描述:
It rained so hard that the streets were flooded yesterday.
昨天下雨如此大,以至于街道都被淹没了。
2、 情感表达:
The TV play was so touching that we all cried.
这部电视剧如此感人,以至于我们都哭了。
3、 学习场景:
Sister studied so hard that she did well in the exam.
姐姐学习如此努力,以至于她在考试中取得了好成绩 。
(四)、 使用要点:
1、 位置固定:“so”后面必须接形容词或副 词,例如:
so kind 形容词 so quickly 副词
so good 形容词 so well 副词
2、 结果明确:“that”引导的从句需体现前因导致的直接后果,
The workers were so tired that they fell asleep where they were lying without undressing .
工人们如此累以至于他们没有脱衣服就睡着在他们躺着的地方。这个句子中 “so tired” (原因) 导致 fell asleep (结果)。
二、such...that 句型:事物特性导致结果
(一)、结构与用法:such...that 的结构为“such (+形容词) + 名词 + that 从句” 。
1、 单数可数名词:“such a/an (+形容词) + 单数名词”
She is such an honest girl that everyone trusts her in our class.
她是如此诚实的一个女孩,以至于我们班每个人都信任她) 。
2、 复数、不可数名词:“such (+形容词) + 复数名词或不可数名词”
It was such dark weather that we stayed indoors.”
天气如此阴暗,以至于我们都待在室内 。
(二)、 特殊情况与易错点1、 数量限定词的优先规则:当名词前有“many、much、few、little时,只能用“so” 。
He has so much money that he buys a car.
他有如此多的钱以至于他买了一辆车 ,这里不能用“such much money。
2、 单数名词的互换结构:“such + a/an + 形容词 + 名词”与“so + 形容词+ a/an + 名词”结构在修饰单数名词时可互换。
such a good teacher = so good a teacher 如此好的一位老师
such a cute baby = so cute a baby
如此可爱的一个宝宝
3、 语义侧重差异:“so...that”更强调程度引发结果。
The rice porridge was so hot that I burned my hand.
米粥如此烫以至于我把手烫伤了。
4、such...that 更突出事物特性导致结果Our Chinese teacher is such kind person that every student feels welcome.
我们的语文老师是如此善良的人,以至于每个学生都感到很受欢迎 。
三、用法小总结:
1、 当名词前有“many/much/few/little”等量词时,固定使用“so...that”
There are so many books that the shelves are full in the library.
图书馆里有如此多的书,以至于书架都摆满了 。
2、“such”后接不可数名词或复数名词时,不加不定冠词。
They are such good students that teachers always praise them.
他们是如此好的学生,以至于老师们总是表扬他们。
3、 当强调“形容词 + 名词”整体时,两种结构可转换。
such a beautiful flower = so beautiful a flower 如此美丽的一朵花