一、核心区别

on the field 强调“在具体的场地表面上”,多指运动场地、竞赛场地等平面区域 体育赛事、场地活动、具体场地内的物理位置
in the field 强调“在野外、实地(非室内/非办公环境)”或“在相关领域/行业内” 野外工作、实地调研、专业领域范畴
二、详细用法与例句解析
(一)On the Field
核心结构:主语 + 动作动词 + on the field + (时间/条件状语从句)
1. 表示“在运动/竞赛场地表面”
例句:The soccer player injured his knee on the field when he was chasing the ball yesterday.
时态:主句用一般过去时(injured),描述过去发生的动作;时间状语从句(when...)用过去进行时(was chasing),表动作发生时的背景。
场景:明确指向“足球场”这一具体运动场地的表面。
2. 带条件状语从句
例句:If it rains tomorrow, the players will not practice on the field but in the gym.
时态:条件状语从句(If...)用一般现在时(rains)表将来,主句用一般将来时(will not practice),遵循“主将从现”原则。
(二)In the Field
核心结构:主语 + 动作动词 + in the field + (目的/定语从句)
1. 表示“在野外、实地(环境)”
例句:The biologists have been doing research in the field for three months to study the behavior of wild pandas.
时态:现在完成进行时(have been doing),表从过去开始持续到现在的“野外研究”动作;“to study...”为目的状语,说明行动目的。
2. 表示“在某专业领域内”
例句:She is a well-known expert who has made great achievements in the field of renewable energy.
时态:主句用一般现在时(is),描述当前身份;定语从句(who...)用现在完成时(has made),表过去成就对现在的影响。
场景:“renewable energy”明确“可再生能源”这一专业领域。
三、练习题
(一)填空题
1. The coach shouted encouragement to his team ______ (on / in) the field during the basketball game.(答案:on;解析:“basketball game”为体育赛事,指“在篮球场表面”,用“on the field”)
2. The geologists are collecting rock samples ______ (on / in) the field in the mountainous area.(答案:in;解析:“mountainous area”为野外环境,“collecting rock samples”是实地工作,用“in the field”)
(二)翻译题
1. 当裁判吹响终场哨时,运动员们在球场上互相拥抱庆祝。(答案:When the referee blew the final whistle, the athletes hugged each other to celebrate on the field.;解析:“球场”是运动场地表面,用“on the field”;主句用一般过去时(hugged),时间状语从句用一般过去时(blew))
2. 这位 anthropologist(人类学家)花了五年时间在野外研究原始部落的文化。(答案:This anthropologist has spent five years studying the culture of primitive tribes in the field.;解析:“野外研究”指实地环境,用“in the field”;“花五年时间”表从过去持续到现在的动作,用现在完成时(has spent))


