一、核心区别
Make Out：含义多与“识别、理解、亲密行为”相关，强调“通过努力看清/弄懂”或特定场景下的互动。
Make Up：含义聚焦“弥补、编造、和解、构成”，侧重“对缺失事物的补充”或“关系/内容的构建”。
二、详细用法与例句解析
（一）Make Out
1. 含义1：看清；辨认出（需努力识别）
基本句式：主语 + make out + 宾语（人/物）+ （状语从句）
例句1：I could barely make out the road sign in the heavy rain.（大雨中我几乎看不清路牌。）
结构：主语I + 谓语make out + 宾语the road sign + 状语（in the heavy rain）；时态：一般过去时（could make out），描述过去某时的状态。
例句2：She told me that she couldn’t make out who was standing at the door because it was too dark.（她告诉我，因为太黑，她认不出站在门口的是谁。）
结构：主句（She told me）+ that引导宾语从句；从句时态：过去将来时（couldn’t make out），who引导宾语从句作make out的宾语。
2. 含义2：理解；弄明白
例句：No matter how hard I tried, I couldn’t make out what he was talking about in the meeting.（无论我多努力，都弄不懂他在会上说的是什么。）
结构：主语I + 谓语make out + what引导的宾语从句；时态：一般过去时（couldn’t make out, was talking），描述过去会议中的情况。
3. 含义3：（非正式）亲热；接吻
例句：When I passed by the park, I saw a couple making out under the tree.（我路过公园时，看到一对情侣在树下亲热。）
结构：主语I + 谓语saw + 宾语a couple + 宾语补足语making out；时态：一般过去时（passed, saw），现在分词作补足语表正在进行的动作。
（二）Make Up
1. 含义1：弥补；补偿
- 基本句式：主语 + make up + 宾语 + for sth.
- 例句1：He promised to make up for the lost time by working extra hours this weekend.（他承诺这周末加班来弥补失去的时间。）
- 结构：主语He + 谓语promised + to do不定式（make up for...）；时态：一般过去时（promised），不定式表目的。
- 例句2：She said she would make up the missed lessons for me before the exam.（她说会在考试前帮我补上落下的课。）
- 结构：主句（She said）+ that引导宾语从句（省略that）；从句时态：过去将来时（would make up），描述过去的承诺。
2. 含义2：编造；虚构（谎言、故事）
- 例句：The boy made up an excuse about his dog eating his homework to avoid being punished.（男孩编造了狗吃了作业的借口来逃避惩罚。）
- 结构：主语The boy + 谓语made up + 宾语an excuse + 介词短语（about...）作定语；时态：一般过去时（made up, eating, avoid），描述过去发生的事件。
3. 含义3：和解；和好
- 例句：After arguing for a week, my best friend and I finally made up yesterday.（吵了一周后，我和最好的朋友昨天终于和好了。）
- 结构：主语my best friend and I + 谓语made up；时态：一般过去时（made up），描述过去完成的动作。
4. 含义4：构成；组成
- 例句：Students make up 60% of the audience in this concert.（学生占这场音乐会观众的60%。）
- 结构：主语Students + 谓语make up + 宾语60% of the audience；时态：一般现在时（make up），陈述客观比例。
三、练习题与解析
题目
用“make out”或“make up”的正确形式填空，并分析句式、时态和从句。
1. I can’t ______ (hear clearly) what the teacher is saying—could you repeat it? Oh wait, maybe I just can’t ______ his handwriting on the blackboard.
2. She ______ (invent) a story about meeting a celebrity when she was asked why she was late, but no one believed her.
3. After their fight, Tom and Jerry ______ (become friends again) and decided to go to the movies together.
4. The fog was so thick that we could hardly ______ the outline of the mountain in the distance.
答案与解析
1. I can’t make out (hear clearly) what the teacher is saying（what引导宾语从句）—could you repeat it? Oh wait, maybe I just can’t make out his handwriting on the blackboard.
解析：前半句“听不懂老师说的话”、后半句“看不清黑板字迹”，均为“识别、理解”义，用“make out”；时态：一般现在时（can’t make out, is saying），描述当前场景。
2. She made up (invent) a story about meeting a celebrity when she was asked why she was late（when引导时间状语从句，why引导宾语从句）, but no one believed her.
解析：“编造迟到理由”为“虚构”义，用“make up”；时态：一般过去时（made up, was asked, believed），描述过去事件。
3. After their fight, Tom and Jerry made up (become friends again) and decided to go to the movies together.
解析：“吵架后和好”为“和解”义，用“make up”；时态：一般过去时（made up, decided），描述过去完成的动作。
4. The fog was so thick that we could hardly make out the outline of the mountain in the distance（so...that引导结果状语从句）.
解析：“雾大看不清山的轮廓”为“辨认”义，用“make out”；时态：一般过去时（was, could make out），描述过去的天气影响。
