现在分词V-ing与过去分词V-ed具体用法

2024-05-19 07:45 来源: 高考学习网 本文影响了:2133人

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例题:

有这样两个考试题:The thief followd her, with his eyes ____on the wallet in her pocket.

A . fix. B. fixed. C. fixing. D. to fix

Anna was reading "war and peace", completely_____to the outside world.

A. being lost. B. having lost. C.losing. D.lost.这两个题分词与逻辑主语都是主动关系,为什么不选ing形式,却选过去分词形式?请说明一下现在分词和过去分词的具体用法及区别。

解答:The thief followd her, with his eyes 【fixed】 on the wallet in her pocket

考点:介词with的复合结构。

关键知识链接:

固定短语:

fix one's eyes on sb/sth 变为被动: one's eyes be fixed on sb /sth

注视,凝视,盯着;将目光集中于;目光被集中于用于介词with的复合结构时,介词with的宾语【his eyes 】和后面动词【fix】是被动关系,即【目光被集中于 】,因此,用过去分词。Anna was reading "war and peace", completely【lost】to the outside world. =Anna was reading "war and peace", 【and he was】completely 【lost】to the outside world.

考点:过去分词短语作状语知识链接:sb be lost in/to sth:埋头于;沉湎于

be completely lost in完全沉浸于

例句: Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely lost to the outside world.

安娜正在读一本科幻小说,她完全沉浸在此书中了。

【注意】:过去分词作状语,这种考查形式,不能单纯使用与主语的主动、被动关系来判断。再如:

【Worried】about the safety of their children ,many parents went to pick their children up after school.

现在分词与过去分词的区别

1)在语法上:现在分词表示的是主动(表示所修饰人或物的行为);

过去分词表示的是被动(表示它修饰的人或物是动作承受者)

an exciting story (令人激动的故事)与 excited people(激动的人们)

surprising news 与 a surprised man

2) 在时间上:现在分词表示正在进行的动作

过去分词表示已经完成的动作

如:falling snow (正在下的雪) 与 fallen snow (落在地上的雪)

3) 过去分词可以做定语,表示被动;现在分词的被动式也可以作定语,表示被动 ,不同的是:现在分词表示正在被进行;过去分词表示已经被完成

例句:The bridge being built will be important in this area’s traffic.

The bridge built last year has played an important part in this area’ traffic.

4) 过去分词可以作宾语补足语,表示被动,有时表示已经完成的动作,有时并不表示已经完成;现在分词的被动式也可以作宾语补足语,表示被动,表示正在被进行的动作。

例句:He found his wallet stolen.

I’ll have my bike repaired this afternoon.

We found the flat being decorated.

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