1.catch为常用词，指通过武力、追踪、突然袭击等方式“抓住”，强调结果已实现，可指人或物，也可指“吸引”注意力，也可表示“患病，理解”等。
He caught hold of her arm as she tried to push past him.
她试图从他身边挤过去时，他一把抓住了她的手臂。
The murderer was never caught.
这个杀人犯一直未抓到。
The murderer was caught alive. 杀人凶手被活捉。
Our cat is hopeless at catching mice.
我们的猫绝对捉不到老鼠。
I caught her smoking in the bathroom.
我撞见她在盥洗室里抽烟。
We caught the 12.15 from Oxford.
我们赶上了12:15从牛津发出的火车。
I had to run like mad to catch the bus.
为了赶上公共汽车，我不得不拼命跑。
Sorry, I didn't quite catch what you said.
对不起，我没听清楚你的话。
I don't quite catch your meaning. 我不十分明白你的意思。
Can you catch the waiter's eye?
你能引起服务员的注意吗？
The nurse caught the disease from a patient. 这护士的病是从一位病人那儿传染上的。
I think I must have caught this cold from you.
我的感冒想必是你传染的。
2.grasp意为“抓，抓住”，指用爪、手指抓紧，也表示一般意义上的“抓住”，还可表示“理解，领悟，明白”。
He grasped my hand and shook it warmly.
他热情地抓住我的手握了起来。
Kay grasped him by the wrist.
凯紧紧抓住他的手腕。
Grasp my hand and I'll pull you over the wall.
抓住我的手，我把你拉过墙来。
They do not grasp the broad situation and spend their time magnifying ridiculous details
他们不去把握大局，而是在细枝末节上花费时间大做文章。
She grasped his right hand firmly. 她紧紧抓住他的右手。
I grasped the opportunity to work abroad.
我毫不犹豫地抓住了去国外工作的机会。
Grasp your chances while you can. 有机会就要及时抓住。
They failed to grasp the importance of his words.
他们没有理解他的话的重要性。
She was unable to grasp how to do it.
她弄不明白这事该怎么做。
It's a difficult concept for children to understand/grasp.
对孩子来说，这是一个很难理解的概念。
The Government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the crisis...
政府当局还没有意识到这场危机的严重性。
It took him some time to grasp that he was now a public figure.
他过了些时候才意识到自己已是个公众人物了。
Young children have difficulty grasping the finality of death
小孩子很难理解死亡的不可改变性。
提示
grasp at 表示“想抓住”，强调动作，是否抓住不得而知。
He grasped at the rope but missed it. 他想抓住绳子，但没抓到。
She grasped at his coat as he rushed past her.
他从她身边冲过去时，她使劲地向他的上衣抓去。
She was trying to grasp at something.
她正试图抓住什么东西。
3.grab意为“抓住”，指粗暴地抓住人或物，往往不顾侵犯别人的权利。指突然抓住某人或某物，强调动作粗野，作此义解时常可与snatch 换用；有时也指紧紧抓住某人或某物。
The thief grabbed the bag away from the woman. 小偷一把抢走了这位妇女的钱包。
I grabbed him, but he slipped from my grasp.
我紧抓着他，可他还是从我手里溜掉了。
The thief suddenly grabbed/snatched the purse from her and escaped.
小偷猛地一把夺过她的钱包逃跑了。
Don't grab/snatch, there's plenty for everyone.
别抢，多着呢，人人都有。
4. grip v. 紧握，抓紧；指用尽全力死死抓住某物，与 grasp 同义，但语气更强：
The poor child gripped his mother's hand.
那个可怜的孩子紧紧地抓着母亲的手。
She gripped the rail and tried not to look down.
她使劲抓住栏杆，尽量不往下看。