一、直接引语&间接引语的概念
（一）认识直接引语和间接引语
【直接引语】说话人直接引用别人的原话，要打引号
【间接引语】说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来，不用打引号。间接引语大多数时候以宾语从句的形式出现。
①Tom said," I'm afraid that I can't catch the train."（直接引语）
②Tom said that he was afraid that he couldn't catch the train.
（间接引语）
二、四个变化【人称/时态/状语/语序】
（一）人称变化
总结：
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不变化
✅1.一随主
➡️直接引语中的第一人称根据间接引语中的主语作相应的变化。如：
She said, "I love swimming very much."
She said that she loved swimming very much.
她说她非常喜欢游泳。
He said, " We will go to school next Monday."
He said that they would go to school next Monday.
他说他们下星期也将去上学。
✅2.二随宾
➡️直接引语中的第二人称根据间接引语中的主句的宾语作相应的变化。如：
Tom asked me, “Are you a teacher? ”
Tom asked me if I was a teacher.
汤姆问我是否是一名老师。
✅3.第三人称不变化
➡️直接引语中的第三人称在间接引语中不发生变化。如：
Bill said, “She is my elder sister. ”
Bill said that she was his elder sister.
比尔说她是他的姐姐。
（二）时态变化
总结如下：
Sophie said," I often get up at 7 o'clock."
Sophie said that she often got up at 7 o'clock.苏菲说她经常是7点起床。
My mother answered," I am watching movies at the theatre."
My mother answered that she was watching movies at the theater.
我妈妈回答到她正在电影院看电影。
Anna said ，"I have been in Chongqing for 10 years."
And said that she had been in Chongqing for 10 years.
安娜说她在重庆已经待了10年了。
Lucy told me，" I had a hot pot with my boyfriend last night."
Lucy told me that she had had a hot pot with her boyfriend the night before .
露西告诉我，她昨晚和她男朋友吃了火锅。
Tom said，" I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow ."
Tom said that he would meet me at the school gate tomorrow the day after.
汤姆说他明天早晨会和我在学校门口碰面。
（三）指示代词，时间/地点状语变化
⏺️指示代词：
this ➡️ that
these ➡️ those
⏺️地点状语：
here ➡️ there
⏺️时间状语：
now ➡️then
today ➡️ that day
tonight ➡️ that night
this week ➡️ that week
yeasterday ➡️ the day before
last week ➡️ the week before
ago ➡️ before
tomorrow ➡️ the day after
next week ➡️ the week next
⚠️⚠️⚠️
还要记住：
come ➡️ go
bring ➡️ take
（四）语序变化
【1】如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用that，但在口语中通常省略，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化。如：
Betty said, “I am going to buy a bike tomorrow. ”
Betty said (that) she was going to buy a bike the next day.
贝蒂说她第二天要买一辆自行车。
【2】如果间接引语是一般疑问句，要用连词whether或if引导，后面用陈述语序，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化
The teacher asked me, “Can you swim? ”→
The teacher asked me whether (if) I could swim.
老师问我是否会游泳。
【3】如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，要用相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when等引导，助动词do, does或did要舍弃，并把疑问语序改为陈述语序
My father asked ，" How do you go to the museum?"→
My father asked me how I go to the museum.
My teacher asked ，"Where did you go?"→
My teacher asked me where I went.
【4】如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时多用“名词（代词）+不定式”结构，否定句在to前面加not; 引述动词常用ask“请求”，tell“告诉”，order“命令”等
“Please sit down. ” Miss Zhou said to me.→
Miss Zhou asked me to sit down.
周老师请我坐下。
“Don’t make any noise. ”my mother told us.→
My mother told us not to make any noise.妈妈告诉我们别出声。