一、英语名词单数变复数口诀
(一) 规则变化
名词单数变复数,直接加 -s 占多数;
s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾,直接加上 -es;
词尾是 f 或 fe,加 -s 之前先变 ve;
辅母 + y 在词尾,把 y 变 i 再加 -es;
词尾字母若是 o,常用三个已足够,
要加 -es 请记好,hero, tomato, potato。
(二) 不规则变化
男人女人 a 变 e,鹅足牙 oo 变 ee;
老鼠虱婆也好记,ous 变 ic;
孩子加上 ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用变。
【解说】
1. 英语名词有单数和复数的区别,单数表示“一”,复数表示“多于一。”名词由单数变复数,多数是规则的变,直接加 -s。
例如:
book → books, girl → girls。但以 -s, -z, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词,变成复数时加 -es, 例如:bus → buses, buzz → buzzes, box → boxes, watch → watches, brush → brushes
2. -f(e) 结尾的名词单数变复数歌诀:
① 树叶半数自已黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,架后窜出一只狼,就像强盗逃命忙。
② 妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌,躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。
例如:
leaf (树叶,叶子),half (一半),self (自已),wife (妻子),knife (刀子),shelf (架子),wolf (狼), thief (窃贼,强盗) 和 life (生命),这些名词变成复数时,都要改 -f (e) 为 v,再加 -es。
3. -f 结尾的名词直接加 -s 变复数歌诀:海湾边、屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上。
例如:
gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief,这些名词变复数直接加 -s。
注:scarf(围巾;披风) 可以先改 f 为 ve 再加-s,也可直接加 -s。
4. 辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词,把 y 变 i 加 -es。
例如:
baby → babies, country → countries, family → families;而 -y 前是元音时,-y 不变,直接加 -s。
例如:
day → days, boy → boys
5. 以 -o 结尾的名词变复数时,多数直接加 -s。
例如:
radio → radios, piano → pianos, kangaroo → kangaroos;
有的须加 -es,中学课本中有几个这样的单词,可以通过一句口诀来记忆:黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。
即:Negro → Negroes, hero → heroes, tomato → tomatoes, potato → potatoes;
有的以 o 结尾的名词既可加 -s 也可加 -es。
例如:
volcano (火山) → volcanos / volcanoes 等。
6. 名词复数的不规则变化需要特别记忆。
例如:man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, mouse → mice, louse (虱子) → lice, child → children, fish → fish, deer (鹿) → deer, sheep → sheep 等。
7. 初中课本中表示“某国人”的名词复数形式变化可通过歌诀记忆:中日不变英法变,其余 -s 加后面。
例如:
Chinese → Chinese, Japanese → Japanese;Englishman → Englishmen, Englishwoman → Englishwomen, Frenchman → Frenchmen, Frenchwoman → Frenchwomen;American → Americans, Rusian → Rusians, Arab → Arabs, German → Germans 等。
8. 不可数名词一般只有单数形式,没有复数形式。有些不可数名词可借助单位词表示一定的数量。
例如:
a cup of tea 一杯茶, two piece of paper 两张纸, an item of news 一则新闻。
二、真题诊断室
(一)基础规则应用
1. (2024·北京)There are many colorful ______ (leaf) falling from the tree.
✅ 答案:leaves
�� 解析:以-f结尾,需变f为v加es(口诀:"妻子持刀去宰狼")
�� 高频错误:leafs(直接加s)
2. (2024·上海)Grandma cut the tomato into two ______ (half).
✅ 答案:halves
�� 解析:-f结尾遵循"半数自己黄"规则,变f为v加es
�� 高频错误:halfs(漏变形直接加s)
3. (2024·广州)Look! Three ______ (deer) are drinking by the river.
✅ 答案:deer
�� 解析:单复同形(口诀:"鱼鹿绵羊不用变")
�� 高频错误:deers(误加s)
(二)特殊结尾变形
4. (2024·成都)We need two ______ (box) to pack these toys.
✅ 答案:boxes
�� 解析:以x结尾加es(口诀:"s,x,z,ch,sh尾巴翘")
�� 高频错误:boxs(漏加e)
5. (2024·杭州)The ______ (hero) in this movie are all brave.
✅ 答案:heroes
�� 解析:o结尾需加es(口诀:"英雄爱吃番茄土豆")
�� 高频错误:heros(漏e直接加s)
6. (2024·武汉)These ______ (baby) are sleeping quietly.
✅ 答案:babies
�� 解析:辅音+y结尾,变y为i加es(口诀:"辅y改i加es忙")
�� 高频错误:babys(未变y直接加s)
(三)不规则变化突破
7. (2024·南京)The dentist said my ______ (tooth) need cleaning.
✅ 答案:teeth
�� 解析:不规则变化oo→ee(口诀:"鹅足牙oo变ee")
�� 高频错误:tooths(误加s)
8. (2024·西安)The ______ (mouse) in the lab are used for experiments.
✅ 答案:mice
�� 解析:不规则变化(口诀:"老鼠虱婆ous变ic")
�� 高频错误:mouses(按规则变形)
9. (2024·重庆)Many ______ (woman) joined the charity event.
✅ 答案:women
�� 解析:a→e不规则变化(口诀:"男人女人a变e")
�� 高频错误:womans(直接加s)
(四)易混淆词对比
10. (2024·天津)The ______ (roof) of these houses are covered with snow.
✅ 答案:roofs
�� 解析:-f结尾但直接加s(口诀:"海湾屋顶信仰存")
�� 高频错误:rooves(误变f为v)
11. (2024·苏州)We saw five ______ (sheep) on the hillside.
✅ 答案:sheep
�� 解析:单复同形(口诀:"鱼鹿绵羊不用变")
�� 高频错误:sheeps(误加s)
12. (2024·长沙)The ______ (German) visited our school yesterday.
✅ 答案:Germans
�� 解析:非"man"结尾,直接加s(口诀:"中日不变英法变")
�� 高频错误:Germen(误用man→men规则)
(五)综合应用挑战
13. (2024·青岛)The ______ (photo) in this album are all in black and white.
✅ 答案:photos
�� 解析:以o结尾的外来词直接加s(如photo/piano)
�� 高频错误:photoes(误加es)
14. (2024·厦门)Three ______ (Englishman) gave a speech about culture.
✅ 答案:Englishmen
�� 解析:-man变-men(口诀:"中日不变英法变")
�� 高频错误:Englishmans(双重变形错误)
15. (2024·哈尔滨)The ______ (thief) stole all the ______ (potato).
✅ 答案:thieves, potatoes
�� 双解析:
thief→thieves(f结尾变v加es)
potato→potatoes(口诀:"英雄爱吃番茄土豆")
�� 高频错误:thiefs/potatos
附:2025中考英语复习名词单复数易错题冲刺20练
附:2025中考英语复习名词单复数易错题冲刺20练
一、基础规则类
1、There are many ______ on the desk.
A. book B. books C. bookes D. bookies
2、She bought three ______ for her birthday party.
A. watch B. watchs C. watches D. watchies
3、The ______ are howling in the forest at night.
A. wolf B. wolfs C. wolves D. wolfes
4、We need two ______ to cut the paper.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knive
5、The ______ in the zoo are eating bamboo.
A. panda B. pandas C. pandaes D. pandies
二、特殊结尾类
1、These ______ are from my garden.
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoies
2、The ______ of the old houses were repaired.
A. roof B. roofs C. rooves D. roofes
3、The ______ in the lab are used for experiments.
A. mouse B. mouses C. mice D. mices
4、The ______ are sleeping in the nursery.
A. baby B. babys C. babies D. babie
5、Many ______ visited the museum yesterday.
A. German B. Germans C. Germen D. Germens
三、不规则变化类
1、The ______ are playing football on the field.
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
2、My ______ hurt after walking for hours.
A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets
3、Five ______ were grazing on the hillside.
A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes D. sheepies
4、The ______ in the story are very brave.
A. hero B. heros C. heroes D. heroies
5、The ______ stole all the apples.
A. thief B. thiefs C. thieves D. thieve
四、综合应用类
1、The ______ (child) are feeding the ______ (sheep) on the farm.
A. childs; sheeps B. children; sheep
C. childrens; sheep D. child; sheeps
2、These ______ (tomato) and ______ (potato) are fresh.
A. tomatos; potatoes B. tomatoes; potatoes
C. tomatoes; potatos D. tomatos; potatos
3、The ______ (mouse) ate all the ______ (loaf) of bread.
A. mouses; loafs B. mice; loafs
C. mice; loaves D. mouses; loaves
4、The ______ (woman) are discussing ______ (life) in the city.
A. womans; lifes B. women; lifes
C. women; lives D. womans; lives
5、The ______ (thief) hid behind the ______ (shelf).
A. thiefs; shelfs B. thieves; shelves
C. thieves; shelf D. thiefs; shelves
答案
一、基础规则类
1、B 2、C 3、C 4、C 5、B
二、特殊结尾类
1、C 2、B 3、C 4、C 5、B
三、不规则变化类
1、C 2、C 3、A 4、C 5、C
四、综合应用类
1、B 2、B 3、C 4、C 5、B