all but是英语中常用的短语,用法灵活却易混淆,核心有两种主要意思,还需注意对应词性避免用错。第一种意思是“几乎、差不多、差一点”,比如他的笔迹几乎没法辨认,就是It was all but impossible to read his writing;准备得差不多了可以说I’m all but ready;绝地几乎灭绝了是The Jedi are all but extinct。这种情况下all but是副词性质,和almost用法一样,用来修饰形容词或动词,强调程度接近。
第二种意思是“除了…都”,比如除去一只盘子全碎了,就是All but one of the plates were damaged;婚礼上大部分客人是新人朋友,只有少数不是,可以说Most of the wedding guests were friends of the bride and groom, all but a few;教授让说流行小说,除了一个人外大家都想不出来,是The professor asked us to name popular novels, and all but one of us couldn't think of one。这时候all but是名词性质,后面接名词或代词,突出范围上的排除。
使用all but时要注意语境,比如在否定句里,它可能表示“除了…外都不是”,比如All but one of us couldn't think of a novel就是除了一个人外都想不出来。掌握这两种核心用法和词性差别,就能准确使用all but,避免混淆。


