英语主谓一致里，就近原则和就远原则是容易混淆的考点。先看就近原则，它本质是简单句相加后的省略现象——比如简单句“There is a cat”和“There are two dogs”用and连接时，重复的“There are”会被省略，变成“There is a cat and two dogs”。表面上be动词is跟着靠近它的单数名词a cat，所以叫“就近原则”，但背后是语言简化的逻辑。
就近原则常见于五种结构：一是there be/here be句型，be动词单复数由后面第一个名词决定，比如“桌子上有一本书和两支笔”是“There is a book and two pens on the desk”，“这里有两支笔和一本书”是“Here are two pens and a book”；二是either...or...连接的并列主语，比如“要么你要么他去开会”是“Either you or he is going to the meeting”，靠近谓语的he是单数，用is；三是neither...nor...结构，比如“你和我都没错”是“Neither you nor I am right”，靠近谓语的I用am；四是not only...but also...结构，比如“不仅你错了他也错了”是“Not only you but also he is wrong”，靠近谓语的he用is；五是not...but...结构，比如“不是他而是你是老师”是“Not he but you are a teacher”，靠近谓语的you用are。
再看就远原则，它是考试常考考点，用于主语后带特定短语的情况——当主语跟着as well as、with、along with、together with、except、besides、but、apart from、in addition to、rather than、including等短语时，谓语动词跟前面的主语一致。比如“妈妈和她的朋友都喜欢游泳”是“My mother as well as her friends likes going swimming”，重点在my mother，用likes；“一位妇女带着两个孩子来了”是“A woman with two children has come”，重点在a woman，用has；“除了你每个人都喜欢我”是“Everybody except you likes me”，重点在everybody，用likes；“是我而不是他对错误负责”是“I rather than he am responsible for this mistake”，重点在I，用am。这些结构的核心是前面的主语，并不是真的“就远”，只是考试中为对应就近原则被命名为“就远原则”。
学习时要避开三个误区：一是混淆not only...but also（就近）和as well as（就远）——“Not only my brother but also I am interested in English”是就近，I是靠近谓语的主语；“Tom as well as his parents likes sports”是就远，重点在Tom；二是误解one of+复数名词的用法——“One of the girls likes singing”中核心主语是one，用单数（就远），“Only one of the girls are chosen”里定语从句先行词是girls，用复数；三是忽略集体名词的含义——“Either the family or the teacher is coming”中family表整体，用单数；“Either the teacher or the family are coming”中family表成员，用复数。
解题时可以用“标识词定位法”：单选题看到either...or...、neither...nor...、there be等标识，直接划掉远离谓语的主语，看靠近的主语判定单复数；填空题先找标识词再验证逻辑，比如“There ______ some water and apples in the fridge”，标识词是there be，靠近be动词的some water是不可数名词，填is。掌握这些规律，主谓一致的考点就能轻松应对。
