初中英语语法：被动语态

被动语态构成形式如下：

被动语态的各种句式：

·肯定句：I was invited to the concert yesterday by the Moons

·否定句：I wasn't invited to the concert yesterday by the Moons

·一般疑问句：Were you invited to the concert yesterday by the Moons？

·特殊疑问句：who was invited to the concert yesterday？/What should be done to make a good sentence？

用法：

·强调动作的承受者

This picture was painted by Van Gogh

·淡化动作的执行者

The film Avatar will be shown once again

·当动作执行者有比较长的修饰语时

The lecture will be made by Joe,who is a young artist from the US

主动语态和被动语态的转换

·SVO句式变被动语态：

No one has ever beaten her at tennis => She has never been beaten at tennis

We didn’t notice anything special in his works=> Nothing special was noticed in his works by us.

·SVOO句式变被动语态(根据不同动词选择不同的介词)：

1，两种方法转换：

They gave the children many books=> The children were given many books by them/Many good books were given to the children by them

Mother has bought me a compute=> A computer has been bought for me by Mother

2,只有一种方法转换：

She wrote Jordan a long letter=> A long letter was written to Jordan by her(有些双宾语及物动词变被动不可以把简介宾语变为被动句主语）

He told me when the project would start => I was told when the project would start by him(宾语从句不可作为被动句的主语）

·SVOC句式变被动语态

1，主动据中主谓宾按照规则变化，宾语补足语不变，但相应成为主语补足语

We have made the empty land a playground=> The empty land has been made a playground by us

2,带有形式宾语it的句子也可变为被动句

We consider it wrong to shout at the children who make mistakes=> It is considered wrong to should at the children who make mistakes

3,用不带to的不定式作宾补，变被动时要还原to

We saw a stranger enter the hall=> A stranger was seen to enter the hall by us.

·短语动词的被动语态

1，“不及物动词+介词”型，常见的有look at，look after，move into，look into，call on，go into，arrive at（达成协议）等。

The children are well looked after in this nursery

2，“及物动词+副词”型，如find out，throw out，take up等，这些只有跟宾语时才有被动

Many of my bad habits have been given up

3，“动词+副词+介词”或“动词+名词+介词”型，look down upon，pay attention to德国

These children are taken good care of

·不可转换为被动句的主动句

1，谓语动词为某些状态动词时，如have有，own拥有，possess具有，want缺乏等意义时

We don't owe our flat-we rent it

2，有时受宾语的限制不能转变为被动语态

You should help each other whatever happens（宾语是反身代词/相互代词时）

He shook his head from time to time when questioned about his family（宾语是主语身体的一部分）

He enjoys listening to music/he wished to grow a new type of rice（宾语是Ving/不定式）

The boy often makes a face at class/Great changes have taken place in my hometown（宾语是“动词+名词”构成的习语时）

They live a happy life/The girl dreamed a sweet dream（同源宾语）

The car left the road and hit a tree（宾语表地点，处所，组织或机构的名称时，前有leave，enter，join等动词时，jump除外）

注意：常用无被动的短语动词还有lose heart灰心，change color变色，take place发生，keep guard看管，change hands转手，speak one's mind说出心里话，make up one's mind下定决心，do one's best尽最大努力

·主动表被动

1，连系动词smell，taste，feel，sound，prove等

The mixture tastes terrible / She proves very patient and warm-hearted

2，有些不及物可用主动形式表达被动lock，shut，open，move，read，write，sell，wash，clean，catch，draw，cut，happen，take place，occur，break out，burst out，spread等

This table cleans very easily / His book does not sell well / The door won't shut

3，某些不定式可用主动形式表被动nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等

The question is easy to answer / I have a lot work to do today / He has three children to look after

4，如果第3点的例句用不定式的被动形式，则其含义暗示不定式表示的动作不是句子的主语执行的

I have a lot of work to be done today（工作不是I做）

5，there be句型中，不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动/被动，含义没有区别

There is a lot of work to do/to be done

6，表“需要”的动词need，want，require之后，V-ing主动表被动，相当于不定式的被动形式

The flower needs watering/to be watered

7，worth后跟Ving形式的主动表被动

8，The picture book is well worth reading

·被动语态复合be done式系表结构的区别

1，被动语态表动作，系表结构表状态或情况

Trees are planted in our city every year（被动）

The bookstore is opened 24 hours a day（系表）

2，被动语态可用进行时态，系表结构一般用现在时或现在完成时

The plan is being carried out（被动）

Many kinds of art have been lost in the world（系表）

3，被动语态一般由...by，说明动作的执行者，而系表结构常与其他介词短语搭配使用

We were attracted by his lecture（被动）

We are interested in his lecture（系表）

4，被动语态常用greatly等次修饰，而系表结构常用very，quite，too，so等修饰词

I was greatly inspired by the report（被动）

I am very interested in computer（系表）