一、which的基本用法
which是定语从句中常用的关系代词,主要用于指物,在从句中可充当主语、宾语或定语。
● 作主语:The car which is parked outside is mine.(停在外面的那辆车是我的)
● 作宾语:The movie which we watched last night was exciting.(我们昨晚看的那部电影很刺激)
二、引导限制性定语从句
● 定义:对先行词起限制作用,去掉从句后主句意义不完整。
● 例句:A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(商店应存有最畅销的货物)
● 注意:which在从句中作宾语时可省略,但作主语时不可省略。
三、引导非限制性定语从句
● 定义:对先行词起补充说明作用,与主句用逗号隔开,去掉后不影响主句意思。
● 用法:
1. 指代先行词:The current, which is very rapid, makes the river dangerous.(水流湍急,使这条河很危险)
2. 指代整个主句内容:Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen.(因特网如此有趣,它可以使任何事都有可能发生)
● 注意:非限制性定语从句不可用that引导。
四、“介词+which”结构
● 用法:介词的选择取决于先行词在从句中的搭配关系或从句中动词、形容词的固定搭配。
● 例句:
○ This is the book in which I found the information.(这就是我在里面找到信息的那本书)
○ The house in which he lives is very old.(他住的那所房子很旧)
● 替代关系副词:
○ in which = where(地点)、at which = when(时间)、for which = why(原因)等。
五、只能用which的情况
1. 逗号后:I know the pig, which is called Bajie.(我认识这只猪,它被称为八戒)
2. 介词后:This is the house in which Bajie got married.(这是八戒结婚的房子)
3. 避免重复:当先行词被that修饰时,从句用which。例如:That which Bajie ate was an apple.(八戒吃的那个东西是苹果)
六、中考常见考点
● 区分which与that:which不能用于先行词被最高级、序数词、the only等修饰的情况,此时用that。
● 主谓一致:which在从句中作主语时,谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致。例如:The books which are on the table are mine.(桌上的书是我的)