Unit1 Nature in the Balance
知识点11
Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
在那上面，在黑暗的森林地面上是大量的落叶。
※Above that is the mass of leaf litter...是倒装结构。正常语序为：The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that. ※有时为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可将用作地点状语的介词短语置于句首，此时句中主语和谓语完全倒装。这类句子所涉及的动词通常是表示姿势的不及物动词(如crouch，hang，lie，sit，stand等)和表示行动的不及物动词(如come，die，go，run，live，rise等)。 |
(1) ________ studying wildlife.
在学生们当中有一位研究野生动物的老教授。
(2)All of a sudden，over the wall ________(come) a shower of stones.
突然，一阵石块从墙后倾泻而出。
(3)________ pipes for gas and water.
在马路下面铺着煤气管道和自来水管道。
(4)________ two old paintings.
在后墙上挂着两幅古画。
知识点12
All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.
他们全部想出了关于如何解决这些问题的创造性想法。
come up with想出，想到
come about发生，产生 come across偶遇 come out出版；开花；出现 come to共计，达到 come up升起；被提出；发生 注意：come up with为及物动词短语；come up为不及物动词短语。 |
(1)Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have ________a lowcost device.
佐治亚理工学院的研究者们说，他们已经想到了一种花费很低的设备。
(2)Can you tell me how the accident ________ in that region？
你能告诉我在那个地区事故是怎样发生的吗？
(3)I ________an article on how to build up my body one day.
一天我偶然看到一篇关于如何增强体质的文章。
(4)It is said that the book about wildlife will ________next month.
据说，关于野生动物的书将于下个月出版。
[单句写作]
(5)让她惊讶的是，会议上出现了意想不到的事情。
________________________
知识点13
Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle.
有些需要使用现代技术，而有些需要改变生活方式。
call for(公开)要求；需要
call up 使回忆起；给……打电话 call in 叫来；召来；下令收回 call off取消；停止 call on/upon拜访某人；号召 call at 拜访某个地点 |
(1)The problem is that studying those species ________a lot of patience.
问题是，研究那些物种需要有很大的耐心。
(2)Twenty volunteers were________to set up shelters for the survivors.
叫来了20名志愿者来为幸存者搭建避难所。
(3)The smell of the sea ________ memories of her childhood.
大海的气息勾起了她童年的记忆。
(4)The game was ________ because of bad weather.
比赛因天气恶劣而被取消了。
(5)The group ________ the citizens to protect the environment.
这个组织号召市民保护环境。
(6)Next time you come to my hometown，do call ________my house.
下一次你来我的家乡时，务必光临寒舍。
知识点14
When you think of a fearsome hunter，images of lions and sharks may spring to mind.
当你想到一个可怕的捕猎者，狮子和鲨鱼的形象可能会立刻跃入脑海。
spring to mind突然记起(或想到)
make up one’s mind下定决心 change one’s mind改变主意 bear/keep...in mind/bear/keep in mind that...将……记在心中 come into one’s mind进入某人的脑海 |
(1)When you think of farmers’ good friends，frogs may________.
当你想到农民的好朋友时，可能会想到青蛙。
(2)Once she has ________，nothing can change it.
她一旦下定了决心就不会改变主意。
(3)Hearing that they would protect those insects from extinction，she ________.
听见他们要保护那些昆虫免于灭绝，她改变了主意。
(4)________that you should try to build up your body in your free time.
记住：要在空闲时增强体质。
(5)Suddenly a terrible thought ________.
突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海里。
知识点15
Mr Smith protested against heavy industry.
史密斯先生反对重工业。
protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.坚持声称，申辩 n．抗议，反对
※protest against...抗议…… ※make a protest提出抗议 in protest against...抗议…… without protest顺从地 under protest不情愿地；认为不公平地 |
(1)Many animals disappeared in that region，so the group ________.
那个地区的很多动物都消失了，所以那个组织提出了抗议。
(2)The film director left the company in protest ________the decision.
电影导演离开公司以抗议此决定。
(3)He left the building ________protest after the police arrived.
警察来了之后，他乖乖地离开了大楼。
[高级表达]
(4)Outside the hall were some workers who protested against their poor conditions.(用非谓语动词改写)
Outside the hall were some workers ________________.
知识点16
In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
※in defence of 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 come to one’s defence 出来保护某人 in one’s defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边 ※defend vt.保卫；保护 defend...against/from(doing...)防御；保护……以免受…… defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护 |
(1)The scientist went to that region________that rare species.
那位科学家去了那个地区保护那种珍稀物种。
(2)When I was in danger，he came to my ________(defend)．
当我处于危险中时，他出来保护我。
(3)It’s the duty for every soldier to defend our country ________enemies.
卫国抗敌是每个士兵应尽的职责。
(4)“Small does not mean weak，sir.” she defended ________(she)．
她为自己辩护：“先生，身材矮小并不意味着脆弱。”
[一句多译]
(5)这位律师决定站起来为男孩辩护。
①The lawyer decided to stand up ________.(defend)
②The lawyer decided to stand up ________.(defence)
知识点17
consequence n.结果，后果；重要性
※as a consequence＝in consequence结果；因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于……的缘故 ※consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的 ※consequently adv.所以；因此；结果 |
(1)I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the ________.
我想知道父母是否应该总是说出真相，无论结果如何。
(2)The warming of the earth and the ________(consequence) climatic changes impact on us all.
地球变暖以及随之发生的气候变化影响着我们所有人。
(3)Finally the young man broke down________great stress.
因为压力太大，最后那个年轻人崩溃了。
(4)My car broke down and ________(consequent) I was late for the important meeting.
我的汽车抛锚了，结果，我在那么重要的会议上迟到了。
[同义词替换]
(5)The young man was often late for work.As a result，he was fired by the company.
知识点18
What if nobody goes？如果没人去怎么办？
What if...？意为“如果……怎么办？”，可以看作“What will happen if...？”的省略形式。 What about...？/How about...？……怎么样？ What ... for？为什么？/……是干什么用的？ So what？那又怎么样？ Guess what！猜猜看！你猜怎么着！ How come...？……是怎么发生的？ |
(1)That is，“________it isn’t a real opportunity？”
也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？
(2)What ________they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in？
要是他们花很长时间谈论你不是很感兴趣的一幅画怎么办？
(3)A question occurred to the boy：________is this tool ________?
这个男孩想到一个问题：这个工具是干什么用的？
(4)—Her father is very rich.
—So ________？She wouldn’t accept his help.
——她父亲很有钱。
——那又怎么样？她不会接受他的帮助。
[句型转换]
(5)If I fall sick and can’t work，what shall I do?
→________I fall sick and can’t work?
知识点19
As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals.
随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
※本句中的so does the effect we have on animals是“so＋助动词＋主语”结构。 ※“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”是一个倒装结构，表示上述的肯定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也一样；……也是”。 ※“neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”也是一个倒装结构，表示前面的否定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也不……”。 ※“so＋正常语序”表示说话人同意对方的看法或对前文内容给予一种强调性的肯定，意为“……的确如此”。 ※如果前一分句里有不同类型的谓语动词，那么后一分句要用so it is with...或it is the same with...，意为“……也一样”。 |
(1)I adored this movie and ________.
我喜欢这部电影，我所有的朋友们也喜欢。
(2)I hadn’t been to the continent before and ________.
我以前没有去过那个大洲，简也没去过。
(3)—He looks very young.
—________.
——他看起来很年轻。
——确实如此。
(4)Tom enjoys singing，but he doesn’t like dancing.________.
汤姆喜欢唱歌但不喜欢跳舞。玛丽也是一样。
知识点20
We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs.我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术、减少生产过程的污染，即使这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
句中的even though意为“即使，尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句，even though可用even if替换。 注意：在even if/though引导的让步状语从句中，其谓语动词用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 |
(1)________it is not your style，that doesn’t mean it is bad.
即使这不是你的风格，也不意味着它不好。
(2)Even if it ________(rain) tomorrow，we won’t change our plan.
即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。
[易混辨析] even if/though，as if/though
even if/though即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句。
as if/though似乎，好像，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
[选词填空] even if/though，as if/though
(3)I will not go to her birthday party ________I am invited.
(4)It seemed ________ the suit was made to his own measure.
知识点21
With pollution levels on the rise，the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
随着污染程度的提高，Norgate环保委员会正在寻求方法来战胜这个麻烦。
※句中With pollution levels on the rise是with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构在句中可作定语和状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)。 ※“with＋复合宾语”结构的构成： (1)with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词 (2)with＋宾语＋现在分词 (3)with＋宾语＋过去分词 (4)with＋宾语＋动词不定式 |
(1)The woman stood at the road，________.
这个女人站在路边，手里拿着一些小册子。
(2)With the books he needed ________(buy)，he left the bookstore happily.
买了需要的书，他快乐地离开了书店。
(3)With so many essays ________(write)，he won’t have time to go shopping this morning.
有那么多文章要写，他今天早上没有时间去购物。
[高级表达]
(4)The guide was introducing this old painting and his finger was pointing at it.(用with复合结构改写)
The guide was introducing this old painting ________.