高考英语介词考点全攻略(2025版)

2025-12-06 23:20 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:279人

介词的英语全称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-(在……前部)+position(位置)”构成的,所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词,就像桥梁一样,可以用于其他词之间的联系,又像房地产行业的中介。介词不能单独使用,必须后跟宾语,构成介词短语在句中使用,介词短语由介词+宾语构成,在句中可作状语、定语和表语等。高考中语法填空中填介词的情况是纯空格题:1、空格后是名词或代词,且名词前面有冠词或代词修饰, 而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语,也不作动词的宾语时 2、固定短语搭配。 介词考点核心是“固定搭配”和“语境语义”,前者靠积累,后者靠分析,两者结合可覆盖90%以上考题。

一、高频介词用法速记(必考3类)

1. 时间介词:区分“点、段、围”

at:接具体“时间点”(时刻/节日),如 at 7:00、at Christmas。

in:接“时间段”(年/月/季节/上午下午),如 in 2025、in summer、in the morning。

on:接“具体某天”(日期/星期/带修饰的早中晚),如 on June 1st、on Sunday、on a rainy evening。

2. 方位介词:认准“内外上下”

in/on/to(表范围):in(在内部,如 in China)、on(相邻接壤,如 on the border)、to(不接壤,如 to the south of China)。

above/below(无垂直)vs over/under(有垂直):above the mountain(在山上方,非正上)、over the table(在桌子正上方)。

3. 易混介词:对比记忆不踩坑

across/through across(表面穿过),through(内部穿过)

例如:walk across the road / go through the forest

by/with/in

by(用工具/方式)

with(用具体工具)

例如:in(用语言/材料) by bus / write with a pen / speak in English

since/for since(接过去时间点,表“从…起”),for(接时间段,表“持续…”) since 2020 / for 3 years

二、高分关键:攻克“介词固定搭配”

这是高考介词题的重中之重,需重点积累以下3类:

1. 动词+介词:如 depend on(依赖)、focus on(专注)、look forward to(期待,to为介词,后接doing)。

2. 名词+介词:如 advice on(关于…的建议)、interest in(对…的兴趣)、solution to(…的解决方案)。

3. 形容词+介词:如 be good at(擅长)、be different from(与…不同)、be afraid of(害怕)。

三、解题3步走(稳拿分技巧)

1. 第一步:看空格前后“关键词”

先找空格前的动词、名词、形容词,或空格后的名词,判断是否为固定搭配(如看到“depend”,优先填“on”)。

2. 第二步:分析“语境逻辑”

若不是固定搭配,根据句子表“时间、方位、方式”等语义选介词(如句子说“在2025年5月”,直接填“in”)。

3. 第三步:排除“明显错误选项”

高考选项常设置易混介词(如用“at”代“on”表具体某天),可先排除不符合基本用法的选项,缩小范围。

高考英语高频介词固定搭配表:

一、动词+介词(必考高频)

1. depend on(依赖;取决于)

2. focus on(专注于)

3. look forward to(期待,to为介词,后接doing)

4. agree with(同意某人/观点);agree to(同意计划/安排)

5. hear of(听说);hear from(收到…的信/消息)

6. take care of(照顾;处理)

7. think of(想到;认为);think about(思考;考虑)

8. belong to(属于,无被动语态)

9. deal with(处理;应对)

10. get along with(与…相处融洽)

二、名词+介词(常考易错)

1. advice on(关于…的建议)

2. interest in(对…的兴趣)

3. solution to(…的解决方案)

4. key to(…的钥匙;…的关键)

5. answer to(…的答案)

6. attention to(对…的关注)

7. reason for(…的原因)

8. success in(在…方面的成功)

9. invitation to(…的邀请)

10. medicine for(治疗…的药)

三、形容词+介词(语境高频)

1. be good at(擅长);be good for(对…有益);be good to(对…友好)

2. be different from(与…不同)

3. be afraid of(害怕);be afraid to(不敢做某事,to为不定式符号)

4. be full of(充满…)

5. be proud of(为…自豪)

6. be interested in(对…感兴趣)

7. be strict with(对某人严格);be strict in(对某事严格)

8. be famous for(因…而著名);be famous as(作为…而著名)

9. be satisfied with(对…满意)

10. be busy with(忙于…);be busy doing(忙于做某事)

一图明辨位置关系介词

1763694602370163.jpeg

靶向操练:

1. 【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack_____ dogs,seven to be exact.

2. 【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ______ this question is not clear.

3. 【2018新课标卷】I was searching _____these three western lowland gorillas.

4. 【2020·山东卷语法填空】Museums must compete______ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.

5. 【2008全国卷】Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing____a stepping-stone to future success.

6. 【2010四川】Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ___a big tree.

7. 【2010重庆】The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money______ me.

8. 【2014陕西】The Scottish girl _____ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.

9. 【2014江西】It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life _ _his great wealth .

10. 【2014全国】September 30 is the day ______ which you must pay your bill.

11. 【2014福建】Our club is open to everyone regardless____ age, sex or educational background.

12. 【2014江苏】Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay____shape.

13. 【2022新高考I卷】Giant pandas also serve __________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.

14. 【2022全国甲卷】He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20.

15. 【2022全国乙卷】May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially _____ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.

16. 【2021全国乙卷】It was not widely accepted as a travel concept __________ the late 1980s.

17. 【2021北京卷】While riding his bike home ________ a cold night,he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.

18. 【2020新课标II卷】Orange trees are more ___________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.

19. 【2010﹒福建】More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack _________ space.

20. 【2020全国I卷】Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance ________the station platforms..

21. 【2013﹒山东】The Smiths are praised _______ the way they bring up their children..

22. 【2015·重庆】Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.

23. 【2011﹒浙江】I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______.

24. 【2019年北京卷】First celebrated __________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).

25. 【2020新课标II卷】Bamboo plants are associated ___________ health, abundance and a happy home.

参考答案:

1. of 2. to 3. for 4. for 5. as 6. against 7. with 8. with 9. despite 10. by 11. of 12. in 13. as 14. from 15. by 16. until 17. on 18. than 19. of 20. to 21. for 22. above 23. for 24. in 25. with

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