高考英语阅读解题套路千万条， “ 题文同序 ” 第一条！所谓“题文同序”，就是高考英语阅读理解中，除个别时候的主旨题外，绝大多数题目（如细节题、推理题）的出题顺序，与题目答案在原文中出现的顺序基本一致，解题时无需通篇乱找，像“按图索骥”一样顺着原文找答案，减少无效阅读，提升定位效率。“题文同序”的大框架下，同学们再“ 分类刷题，靶向突破 ”，掌握同类题型规律，做题避免踩坑，刷 1 道抵 10 道！
一 . 细节理解题（占比最高，约 50% ） （黄金法则：定位 + 改写）
1. 题干圈画 “ 关键词 ” （如人名、数字、专有名词、具体事件）；
2. 带着关键词回原文 “ 精准定位 ” 出题句（通常 1-2 句话）；
3. 对比选项与原文，找 “ 同义替换 ” 选项（如原文 “take care of” ，选项 “look after” ）。
避坑指南：
①干扰项与细节部分相似，部分相悖（扩缩范围）
②干扰项内容符合常识，但无原文依据（文章未提）
③干扰项与细节相同，但不合题干要求（答非所问）
④干扰项与细节部分相符部分不符（正误并存）
⑤干扰项与原文一致，但把本来 A 的观点按成 B 的（张冠李戴）
⑥干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变（偷梁换柱）
1. （ 2025 九省联考） At around 11 am, many trucks carry more than one hundred tons of over-rip e tomatoes into the centre of the town, Plaza del Pueblo. Technically the festival does not begin until one brave soul has climbed to the top of a two-story-high wooden pole and reached the ham at the top. In practice this process takes a long time and the festival starts despite no one reaching the prize. The signal for the beginning of the fight is the firing of a water gun. After one hour the fighting ends and the cleaning process begins.
●Which of the following signals the beginning of the fight in practice?
A ． The arrival of the tomatoes. B ． The takedown of the ham.
C ． The firing of a water gun. D ． The set up of the wooden pole.
答案解析： C 细节理解题。根据 What Happens at La Tomatina 一节中“ In practice this process takes a long time and the festival starts despite no one reaching the prize. The sign al for the beginning of the fight is the firing of a water gun. ”可知，实际上，“战斗”开始的信号是鸣放水炮。
2 ．（ 2025 九省联考） Do not bring bottles or hard objects as they can cause accidents and hurt other participants; Do not tear other people’s T-shirts; You must squeeze the tomatoes before throwing them; As soon as you hear the second shot of the water gun, you must stop throwing tomatoes.
●What should participants avoid doing during the fight?
A ． Touching each other. B ． Taking soft objects with them.
C ． Wearing shoes and T-shirts. D ． Throwing unsqueezed tomatoes.
答案解析． D 细节理解题。根据 文 中“ You must squeeze ( 捏碎 ) the tomatoes before throwing them ”可知，不得向别人扔未捏碎的西红柿。
3. （ 2025 九省联考） Getting dressed is a little bit difficult when I can’t “sit” or “stand”, but I’ve gotten used to it. The most challenging thing is putting on my socks. It’s not a challenge to figure out what to wear, since I wear the same thing every day. However, without gravity to help me bend over, it is very difficult to pull my legs up to my chest.
●Why does the author find it challenging to put on his socks at the International Space Station?
A ． He has too many choices. B ． It is uneasy to pull his legs up.
C ． The bedroom is too small. D ． He can’t find a chair to sit on.
答案解析：B 细节理解题。根据本段 However, without gravity to help me bend over, it is very difficult to pull my legs up to my chest. ”可知，在失重环境下，抬腿很困难，导致穿袜子很费事。
4. （ 2025 九省联考） At present, cloud-based AI models are mostly trained on graphics processing units (GPUs) that consume so much energy that it can take a nuclear-power plant to fuel them. They also need huge amounts of memory and data. All these can cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Even once they are trained, running these AI models is costly. According to one estimate, it costs OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, 36 cents every time someone asks its AI model a question.
●What is the problem with cloud-based AI models?
A ． OpenAI charges too much money.
B ． All of them have to be trained on GPUs.
C ． It is too expensive to train and run them
D ． They can only deal with the easiest tasks.
答案解析： C 细节理解题。根据本段 “All these can cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Even once they are trained. running these AI models is costly.” 可知，这些大型云端 AI 模型都很烧钱。A选项“OpenAI收费过高”：原文仅提及OpenAI运行模型的“成本”高，未提到“收费”，属于偷换概念，固排除。
5. （ 2025 九省联考） The Greek philosopher Heraclitus taught that you can’t step into the same river twice, for you aren’t the same person at each visit, and the water is ever flowing. It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.
●What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A ． We could have a right mind-set. B ． Philosophy exists everywhere.
C ． Some people are wiser than others. D ． Change is unavoidable in life.
答案解析： D 细节理解题 , 根据本段 “It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.” 可知答案。
6. （ 2024 九省联考） One poster from the exhibition—Henry Wellge’s “Yellowstone National Park” from1904—was recently purchased with donated funds and is now part of UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. Wellge, a productive bird’s-eye-view artist, designed the piece for the Northern Pacific Railroad, which used it to advertise the park. This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived.
●What do we know about the 1904 poster Henry Wellge designed?
A. It is rare in the world.B. It is in black and white.
C. It is printed on cloth. D. It is owned by a professor.
答案解析：细节理解题。根据本段“ This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived.( 这是一件独特的作品，因为像这样的海报是印在软纸上的，很少有幸存下来 )” 可知， 1904 年亨利 · 韦尔奇设计的海报在世界上很罕见。故选 A 。
7. （ 2024 九省联考） Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
●What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild?
A. Living in a group.B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground.D. Avoiding coming out at night.
答案解析：细节理解题。根据本段“ Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.( 群体中的成员在确保其安全和提高其从捕食者袭击中幸存下来的机会方面起着重要作用。 )” 可知，鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击，重要的是要进行集体生活，故选 A 项。
8. （ 2024 九省联考） As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively ( 本能地 ) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
●What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk?
A. To attack back.B. To get away.
C. To protect the young.D. To play dead.
答案解析：细节理解题。根据本段“ As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively ( 本能地 ) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight.( 作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对风险做出反应。他们的第一反应是飞走 )” 可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是逃跑，故选 B 项。
9. （ 2025 浙江首考） Loan periods are established by the lending library. All due dates are noted on the label. Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library. Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. No renewals ( 续借 ) are allowed for physical items borrowed through ILL.
●What is a rule for borrowing a print book through ILL?
A. Pay an extra fee for delivery. B. Renew it before the due date.
C. Pick it up at the lending library. D. Return it when it is recalled.
答案解析： D 细节理解题。由本段 “Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library. Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated on the label” 可知，借阅的书如果被召回，借阅者必须归还。故选 D 项。
10. （ 2025 新高考 I 卷） Microplastic have become a common source of pollution across the Earth - they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas , stuck inside volcanic rocks , filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow . They are even appearing inside humans .
●How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph ?
A . By quoting an expert . B . By defining a concept .
C . By giving examples . D . By providing statistics .
答案解析： C 细节理解题。由本段中的 “Microplastics have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.” 可知，作者通过列举具体的例子，展示了微塑料污染的广泛性，涉及海洋、喜马拉雅山、火山岩、海鸟的胃和人类体内等多个地方。由此可见，作者通过实例来引入这个话题。故选 C 。
二 . 推理判断题（难度较高，约 30% ）（黄金法则 : 立足原文 + 合理推断）
1. 题干识别标志（如 infer 、 imply 、 suggest 、 conclude ）；
2. 定位原文相关段落，分析 “ 逻辑关系 ” （如因果、对比、转折）；
3. 选择 “ 原文逻辑的合理延伸 ” ，拒绝 “ 原文直接表述 ” 和 “ 过度推测 ” （无依据的猜想）。
避坑指南
① 干扰项是 原文内容，但不是推论或判断（推断题需“推”，原话不选）
②干扰项符合常识，但从原文无法推知（主观臆断）
③ 干扰项是 “ 绝对化选项 ” （如 must 、 never 、 all ，答案多为委婉表述）。
1. （ 2025 九省联考） For some people who hope to fly in space, language can be a challenge. We all have to be able to speak a second language (I’ve been studying Russian for years), but the European and Japanese astronauts have the added burden of learning two languages if they don’t already speak English or Russian.
●What can be inferred from the paragraph?
A ． Speaking English or Russian is a must for the ISS astronauts.
B ． All the ISS astronauts have to be able to speak three languages.
C ． European and Japanese astronauts are not good at communication.
D ． There are language workshops on the International Space Station.
答案解析 A 推理判断题。根据这段 “…but the European and Japanese astronaut s have the added burden of learning two languages if they don’t already speak English or Russian.” 可推断，在国际空间站，宇航员必须会讲英语或俄语。
2. （ 2024 九省联考） In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
●What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument?
A. Critical.B. Supportive.
C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
答案解析：推理判断题。根据本段中“ This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.( 这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义 )” 可知，作者对于 Carnegie 对争论的看法持批判态度，故选 A 。
3. （ 2020 全国 I ） Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
●Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
答案解析：B. 作者在本文中主要阐述了竞走的好处 Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running 及其存在的问题 It does, however, have its own problem. ，提及正反两方面，由此可推知，作者的态度是客观的。故选 B 项。考生遇到选项有 Objective 的时候要注意，它作为选项的可能性较高。
4. （ 2025 浙江首考） I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.”
●What does the author think of the strategies she has been following?
A. Costly. B. Complex.
C. Workable. D. Contradictory.
答案解析： C 推理判断题。本首句作者在文中提到 “I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions” 可知，这些策略是有效的，故选 C 项。
5. （ 2025 浙江首考） As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping ( 形成刻板印象 ) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
●What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless?
A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demand.
C. To cut production costs. D. To encourage competition.
答案解析： A 推理判断题。由本第三句 “Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this” 可知，科技产品去性别化的目的是减少刻板印象，故选 A 项。
6. （ 2025 新高考 I 卷） Still , the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure - a task that ' s becoming increasingly difficult . Even bottled water , scientists found earlier this year , contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought .
●What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?
A . The importance of plastic recycling .
B . The severity of the microplastic problem .
C . The danger in overusing pure water .
D . The difficulty in treating polluted water .
答案解析： B 推理判断题。根据本段中提到 “Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.” ，可以推测，作者提到瓶装水是为了凸显微塑料问题的严重性。瓶装水被认为是相对纯净的水源，但却也含有大量微塑料，这进一步证明了微塑料污染的普遍性和危害性。故选 B 。
7. （ 2024 全国新课标 Ⅱ ） Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI⁃powered future, and this is where AIbyDesign: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in ． This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution ( 变革 ) ．
●What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A ． To recommend a book on AI ．
B ． To give a brief account of AI history ．
C ． To clarify the definition of AI ．
D ． To honor an outstanding AI expert ．
答案解析：推理判断题。文章引出 AIbyDesign 这本关于人工智能的书籍 , 后面几段围绕这本书 , 对其写作风格、特点进行了介绍 , 同时还概括了人工智能目前的发展趋势及其发展带来的问题 , 并提出了解决方法。由此可推知 , 作者写这篇文章是为了推荐一本关于人工智能的书籍。故选 A 项。
8. （ 2023 新高考 1 ） Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs ． He developed a greenhouse⁃like facility that treated sewage ( 污水 ) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington ． He also designed an eco⁃machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China ．
●What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A ． To review John’s research plans ．
B ． To show an application of John’s idea ．
C ． To compare John’s different jobs ．
D ． To erase doubts about John’s invention ．
答案解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词 Fuzhou 可定位到本段 , 根据本段第一句 Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs ．及下文的例子可知 , 作者提到福州是为了举例说明约翰关于 “ 生态设计 ” 这一想法的应用。故选 B 项。
9. （ 浙江 2024 年 1 月） For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories ． Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there ． And these books were free ． This unbeatable price point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying ． And I’ve discovered some great books!
●Why did the author start to use the “library”?
A ． He wanted to borrow some love stories ．
B ． He was encouraged by a close neighbour ．
C ． He found there were excellent free books ．
D ． He thought it was an ideal place for reading ．
答案解析：推理判断题。根据这段中的 This unbeatable price point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying ． And I’ve discovered some great books! 可知 , 作者发现 “ 迷你社区图书馆 ” 里有一些免费且很不错的图书 , 所以开始使用。故选 C 项。
10. （ 2024 全国甲卷） Doctors see up to 150 patients every day ． The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups ． “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke ． “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want ． ”
●What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A ． Appreciative ． B ． Doubtful ．
C ． Ambiguous ． D ． Cautious ．
答案解析：推理判断题。根据本段中的 I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned 可知 , 杜克被医疗工作人员的服务精神深深打动。由此可推知 , 杜克对医疗列车服务表示赞赏。 doubtful 意为 “ 怀疑的 ”;ambiguous 意为 “ 模棱两可的 ”;cautious 意为 “ 谨慎的 ” 。故选 A 项。
三 . 主旨大意题（难度中等，约 10+% ）（黄金法则：看首尾段 + 抓高频词）
1. 优先读 “ 首尾段首句 + 各段首尾句 ” ，抓文章核心话题（如 “ 环保措施 ”“ 文化差异 ” ）；
2. 关注作者“观点词”（如 but 、 however 后的内容，常为核心态度）。；
3. 若有标题类选项，验证是否能概括全文，避免 “ 标题过大 / 过小 ” 。
避坑指南
①干扰项内容覆盖面过大，超出论述范围（过度概括）
②干扰项内容覆盖面太窄，只涉及部分内容（概括不足）
③干扰项与原文内容有关，但偏离文章主旨（以偏概全，细节代主旨）
1. （ 2024 九省联考） For lots of kids, toddlerhood ( 幼儿期 ) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel.
●Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. How Children Adapt to ChangesB. How to Be a Role Model for Children
C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid
答案解析：本文主要讲的是家长如何帮助孩子学会爱，学会发展友谊，故选 C 项。
2. （ 2023 年高考英语浙江卷一月 ) Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction ． “These pollinator⁃friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick ．
●Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A ． Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay
B ． Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C ． InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture
D ． Solar Farms: A New Development
答案解析：主旨大意题。通读全文 , 尤其是本段中的 Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction ．可知 , 太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展 , 更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加环保 , 这将是未来发展农业的新趋势 , 再结合全文对太阳能农场的发展过程的介绍可推知 , 本文主要是介绍太阳能农场。故选 D 项。
