一、题型本质：把握 “ 三大关系 ” ，构建语篇逻辑
七选五核心考查 “ 上下文衔接 ” ，需明确：
1. 结构关系：文章整体结构（总分、总分总、并列段落）、段落结构（主题句 + 支撑句）。
2. 语义关系：关键词复现（原词、同义词、反义词）、代词指代（ this/that/they/it 等）。
3. 逻辑关系：转折（ but/however ）、因果（ so/therefore ）、并列（ first/second ）、递进（ besides/furthermore ）、例证（ for example ）等。
二、 解题步骤：分三步精准定位（以全国卷为例）
Test 1 2023 年全国乙卷
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood ( 心情 ), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species ( 物种 ) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 37 .
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 38 . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39 .
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 40 ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
方法： 1. 第一步：速读全文，明确主旨与结构
首段 + 末段：首段确定主题，末段总结观点。
小标题 / 段落首句：若有小标题（多为祈使句，如 “ What are indoor plants? ” ），快速串联各段主旨；无小标题则重点看段落首句（常为主题句）。
标记文章结构词：如 “First of all” “In conclusion” ，预判段落逻辑走向
在这篇文章中，文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
2. 第二步：分析选项，标注 “ 定位线索 ”
关键词标记：
名词 / 动词： 选项中独特的核心词句（如 “ indoor plants are good for you ”“ Which plants can you grow ” ），与原文重复或同义替换。
逻辑词：选项开头的 however/therefore/for instance ，提示上下文逻辑关系。
代词 / 冠词：
代词（ this/these ）：指代前文中的复数名词（如 A 选项 “All plants are good ” 对应前文提到的多个植物）；
冠词（ the ）：若选项含 “the + 名词 ” ，该名词需在前文出现过（如 G 选项 “ Learning about the requirements ” 对应前文提到的 “requirement” ）。
句式特征：
若设空在段首，选项多为主题句（常为概括性句子，如 “___. It helps you stay organized.” ）；
若设空在段尾，选项多为总结句（如 “In short, ___.” ）或过渡句（如 “Next, let’s discuss ___.” ）。
3. 第三步：代入验证，排除干扰
上下文复现原则：
正确选项中的关键词必在上下文中出现或同义改写。
▶ 例：原文提到 “ bring a new interest ” ，选项中 “ plant can be very rewarding ” 通过 “interest” （ =benefit ）和 “rewarding” （ =benefit ）实现复现。
逻辑衔接检查：
代入后通读，确保逻辑连贯（如转折词后语义相反，因果词前后逻辑成立）。
▶ 例：若前文说 “ 计划总失败 ” ，选项 “But you can start small” 通过 but 衔接，提出解决方案，逻辑合理。
代词指代一致：
若选项含 “they” ，前文需有复数名词；含 “it” ，前文需有单数名词或抽象概念。
▶ 例：选项 “ All plants are different ” 中 “All” 必须对应前文提到的多个植物。
三、高频考点专项突破
1. 主题句 / 小标题题（设空在段首或小标题处）
解题关键：概括段落核心内容，句式与其他小标题一致（多为祈使句 / 名词短语）。
▶ 例：若其他小标题为 “Set clear goals” “Break tasks into steps” ，正确选项应为同类祈使句，如 “Track your progress” 。
排除法：若选项是细节描述（如举例、具体方法），而非概括性内容，可直接排除。
名校模拟例题
___1___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
解析：通读本段内容，可知减少高峰期带来的影响为主题，选项应于时间相关，故选 A 。
____2____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
解析：通读本段内容，可知它应该给你单词精确的定义为主题，选项应于益处相关，故选 E 。
Living the light life
Many of us like to dine out and treat ourselves to delicious food. We are used to choosing hearty, fat-filled dishes and sugar-charged desserts, which are not easily cooked at home.
___3___According to Economic Daily, low-calorie, low-fat and high-fiber meals have become popular in China's restaurants and online delivery platforms.
__ 4___ According to a report released by Meituan, a major online food delivery platform, the number of light meals ordered online also rose 75 percent from the previous year.
A ． It is important that you go on a diet based on your own needs.
B ． Instead, it contains things like boiled meat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables.
C ． So the next time you have a party with friends, try a light meal.
D ． To avoid putting on weight, diners are willing to try every means.
E ． The country saw a rapid expansion of restaurants specializing in light meals.
F ． That's probably why so many people, especially young adults, are into them.
解析： 1 题根据后文低热量食物在中国餐馆变得流行，可知主题句是中国餐馆开始流行轻食，故选择 E 。
2 题根据后文线上平台研究报告，线上轻食较去年上涨 75 ％，因此本段主题句为线上平台轻食订单增加，为 F 选项年轻人喜爱它做出解释，故选 F 。
2. 过渡句题（设空在段中或段尾）
段中设空：需衔接前后句，常包含逻辑词或代词。
▶ 前文讲 “ 优点 ” ，后文讲 “ 缺点 ” ，选项用 “However, there are some challenges” 过渡。
段尾设空：多为总结句或引出下段的过渡句。
▶ 段落讲 “ 学习英语的重要性 ” ，段尾选项 “Now let’s see how to improve it” 自然引出下段方法。
3. 细节支撑题（设空为具体例子或解释）
关键词匹配：选项中的细节信息（如数字、专有名词）需与前后文对应。
▶ 如原文提到 “Three ways to stay healthy” ，选项 “First, eat a balanced diet” 通过 “First” 对应 “Three ways” ， “eat a balanced diet” 是具体方法之一。
例证逻辑：若前文有 “for example/like” ，选项必为具体例子；若前文是观点，选项是解释或原因。
名校模拟例题
1 So it is wise to avoid negative people. If you are surrounded by negative people that only bring others down, then you will always feel uncomfortable. If you are surrounded by happy people, you will always be delighted. Keep away from people who emotionally control others. 2 In order to be emotionally intelligent, you must have a supporting partner by your side.
A ． You need to mind whatever you do.
B ． You are known by the company you keep.
C ． Just as you try to be a mind reader, others expect so.
D ． The best course of action would be to change yourself.
E ． Whenever you feel something like that, cut ties with them.
F ． Your partner would want you to know exactly what they want.
G ． If you make a mistake and affect others negatively, apologize immediately.
解析：第一题原文强调 “ 远离消极的人 ” 并指出 “ 与快乐的人为伴会感到愉悦 ” ，核心逻辑是环境对人的影响。 B 选项 “ 观其友知其人 ” （ You are known by the company you keep ）直接呼应 “ 选择社交圈的重要性 ” ，既总结前文又点明主题，符合段落主旨。故选 B
2. 第 20 空：原文主张 “ 情感智慧需要支持型伴侣 ” ，后需补充伴侣的具体作用。 F 选项 “ 伴侣希望你知道他们的需求 ” （ Your partner would want you to know exactly what they want ）直接关联 “ 情感智慧 ” 中的共情能力，说明伴侣关系中双向理解的重要性。故选 F 。
How to use humor to make friends
Recognize when to use humor
Think of an uncomfortable situation: you just met an entire table of new people and you don’t remember any of their names; now there is a very awkward silence among the group. How do you break the uneasiness? ____1____. Laughing helps overcome the bridge of social discomfort in any circumstance, and the same applies when you meet new people.
A ． With a joke
B ． Be able to take a joke
C ． Don’t joke at the expense of others
D ． You need to expect a joke to be told at your expense
E ． It may be funny, but it’s not attractive to laugh at others
F ． Don’t think of yourself as having to represent the role of a comedian
G ． Connecting with people through humor and happiness has to be authentic
解析：根据上下文逻辑： 场景描述为 “ 尴尬的沉默 ” ，需快速打破僵局。 后文提到 “ 笑（ Laughing ）能克服社交不适 ” ，直接对应 “ 用笑话（ joke ） ” 引发笑声的行动。 A 选项 “ 用一个笑话 ” 是唯一直接回答 “ 如何打破沉默 ” 的具体方法，且与后文 “ 笑的作用 ” 形成因果关系。因此，选 A 。
Urban expansion is linked to a number of factors. Lower housing costs in the suburb have attracted many to settle in these areas. There has been an increasing investment of infrastructure like transport and electricity in the suburbs . ____1____ The increase in family income of an average person has raised his standard of living. Driving private cars from the suburb to the city is affordable for many people.
A ． This brings convenience to life.
B ． This spread is named as urban expansion.
C ． Expansion has been criticized for some problems.
D ． Therefore, these areas have increased in number quickly.
E ． Overall, urban expansion is a phenomenon that can be avoided.
F ． Despite anti-expansion views, urban expansion has its own benefits.
G ． Man has always moved to newer places for better opportunities and pay.
解析：选项前句提及基础设施的投入增加，后文提到普通人的生活水准提高，因此，选项是一个过渡句， A 选项这给生活带来了便利符合，故选 A 。
四、避坑指南：警惕三大干扰项
1.“ 原词陷阱 ” 选项
若选项大量出现原文原词，但语义与上下文无关（如原文讲 “ 读书 ” ，选项提 “ 买书 ” 但无逻辑关联），需排除。
✅ 正确选项：通过同义替换（如 “buy”→ “purchase” ）或逻辑衔接关联上下文，而非单纯原词复现。
2.“ 逻辑矛盾 ” 选项
代入后若出现语义转折错误（如前文肯定，选项用 but 后仍表肯定）、因果颠倒（如 so 前后无因果关系），直接排除。
3.“ 代词无指代 ” 选项
若选项含 “this/they” ，但前文无对应名词，该选项必为干扰项（如选项 “These methods work well” ，但前文未提到任何方法）。
4.“ 三遍验证法 ”
第一遍：按步骤选答案；
第二遍：通读全文，检查逻辑是否连贯，代词是否有明确指代；
第三遍：对比剩余未选选项，确认干扰项错误原因（如逻辑矛盾、无复现）。
近三年真题演练：
test1 2025 年全国一卷真题
An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. _____1_____
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. _____2_____ As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. _____3_____ “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious ( 有感染力 ) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. _____4_____ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. _____5_____ She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
【答案】 1. E 2. D 3. C 4. F 5. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳 · 墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。
【 1 题详解】
根据上文 “Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. ( 课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。 )” 可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示 “ 更多 ” 的内涵。 E 选项 “Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. ( 这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。 )” 通过 “Not only...also...” 结构，既承接 “drinks” ，又引出下文核心 —— 墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境。故选 E 项。
【 2 题详解】
根据上文 “She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. ( 她在机器之间来回制作饮品。 )” 及下文 “As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. ( 当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说： “ 你好，今天过得怎么样？ ” 即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流。 )” 可推知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。 D 选项 “After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. ( 完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。 )” 中的 “finishing an order” 衔接 “make the drinks” ， “calls out the name” 引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成 “ 制作 — 叫号 — 交付 ” 的完整流程。故选 D 项。
【 3 题详解】
根据上文 “Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. ( 墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班。 )” 及下文 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. ( 我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡。 )” 可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。 C 选项 “Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. ( 有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务。 )” 中的 “arrives early” 补充了 “ 准时上班 ” 之外的主动性， “serve the students early” 呼应 “like to make coffee for the students” ，展现其敬业精神。故选 C 项。
【 4 题详解】
根据上文 “Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. ( 乔安娜 ・ 赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天。 )” 及下文 ““Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. ( 赖特说 “ 凯瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。 ”)” 可推知，设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。 F 选项 “Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. ( 去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备。 )” 中的 “starts her day off good” 解释了 “ 每周去六天 ” 的动机，且 “cheerful mood” 与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系。故选 F 项。
【 5 题详解】
根据下文 “She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. ( 她完全打算留下来，继续做自己喜欢的事。 )” 可推知，设空处需体现她对工作的长期投入。 G 选项 “She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. ( 她已经在这里服务了 17 年，无法想象在其他地方工作。 )” 中的 “17 years” 凸显服务年限之长， “can’t imagine working anywhere else” 强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与 “staying” 形成直接呼应。故选 G 项。
Test 2 2024 新课标 I 卷 — 使用英语词典体验
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript( 原稿 ). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus( 同义词词典 ). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus .
38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary , picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull ( 乏味 ) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
36. 上文 “If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript( 如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的 )” 提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。 F 选项 “That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.( 这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。 )” 是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选 F 项。
37. 上文 “I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.( 我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。 )” 提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器 ; 下文 “Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.( 当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。 )” 提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以 B 选项 “It takes no account of the context.( 它不考虑上下文。 )” 解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选 B 项。
38. 下文 “It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.( 它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。 )” 提到了字典的功能， E 选项 “Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.( 当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。 )” 提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选 E 项。
39. 下文 “However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.( 然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。 )” 提到了字典的使用情况， A 选项 “I don’t often use this dictionary.( 我不经常用这本字典。 )” 是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选 A 项。
40. 上文 “ “To make dictionaries is dull ( 乏味 ) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".( 约翰逊在解释 “dull” 的一个定义时写道： “ 编字典是件无聊的工作 ( 乏味 ) 。 ”)” 提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文 “A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.( 花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。 )” 提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣， D 选项 “But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.( 但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。 )” 是作者对字典的评价，与上文的 “ 乏味 ” 形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选 D 项。
