高考英语语法填空常考点及解题技巧

2025-04-30 11:18 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:56人

高考英语语法填空常考点及解题技巧

考点一:提示词为动词,考查谓语动词

若句中没有其他的谓语动词,或者虽有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词,填空时要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致,偶尔也有考查虚拟语气的情况。

例句展示:

1.Fountain pens(钢笔)_________(use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.

答案与解析:were used 考查动词时态和语态。句意:钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了,最近又重新流行起来,因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语,根据时间状语long ago可知,应用一般过去时,主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used

2.Pierre Coubertina French man_________(found) the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894. 

答案与解析:founded 设空处为谓语,根据时间状语in 1894可知应用一般过去时,故填founded

考点二:提示词为动词,考查非谓语动词

若句中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,则所给动词应用非谓语动词形式。一般而言,动词-ing形式表示主动、进行;动词-ed形式表示被动、完成;动词不定式表示目的、将来、具体或一次性的动作。

例句展示:

1.Every dayhe walks back and forth the entire 5.7-kilometer stretchfrom Jinshanling in the north to Gubeikou in the west ________ (ensure) no one wanders off the special path and into the undeveloped sections of Simatai.

答案与解析:to ensure 分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词形式;再结合句意可知,此处表目的,应填不定式。故填to ensure

2.The importance of the gardens cannot be underestimatedsome of the samples ________ (bring) back by Charles Darwin are still alive.

答案与解析:brought 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处构成非谓语动词短语作定语,修饰名词samplesbring和其逻辑主语samples之间为动宾关系,且此处表示动作已经完成,故填brought

考点三:提示词为动词,考查词性转换为名词或形容词

当所给提示词虽为动词,但既不是谓语动词又不是非谓语动词时,就要考虑进行词性转换。做题时只需根据其所句子成分来确定其词性便可做出正确的转换。

例句展示:

Since June 2017, right before the _________(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.

答案与解析:考查名词。句意:从20176月开始,就在两只新大熊猫萌萌娇青到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival

考点四:提示词为名词,考查名词的数与格及词形转换

所给词为名词时,常考查单复数的变化,此时应首先判断所给名词为可数名词还是不可数名词,再根据其修饰词来确定是否需要用复数。有时也考查名词的所有格,此时它应做定语,译作“……。 所给词为名词时,有时也考查词类转换,主要是名词变为形容词或动词。

例句展示:

1.The Chinese language left the impression of having built a ________ (culture) bridge that promoted the exchange of cooperation between China and the worldas well as the global peace and development. 

答案与解析:cultural 提示词作定语,修饰名词bridge,故填cultural

2.The First Golden Panda Awards has four ________ (category)filmTV series, documentary and animation.

答案与解析:categories 根据空前的 four可知,用名词category的复数形式categories

考点五:提示词代词,考查代词的数、格或反身代词

所给词为代词时,常考查人称代词变为物主代词,此时其后一般会有一个名词,所给代词就是用来修饰这个名词的,译作“……。 所给词为代词时,有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。这两种情况一般可依据所作成分或句意进行判断。

例句展示:

Hikers at the Great Wall who have come across Zhou Wenjun consider ________ (they) lucky.

答案与解析:themselves 根据句意可知,当宾语和主语所指相同时,宾语要用反身代词。故填themselves

考点六:提示词为形容词,考查形容词或副词的比较等级

当提示词为形容词或副词时,常考查比较级和最高级。此时一般可根据所给提示词前后的than, by, far, even,the等比较等级中常出现的特殊词汇并结合语意去进行判断。

例句展示:

Strong leg muscles are a must to tackle the mountainsor you can stick to some of the ________ (flat) coast roads than the mountain roads.

答案与解析:flatter 据后文“than the mountain roads”可知应用形容词的比较级。故填flatter

考点七:提示词为形容词,考查形容词词性转换为副词甚至动词。

当所给提示词虽为形容词或副词且不是考查比较等级时,则应考虑形容词或副词的词性转换,一般常考查形容词变为副词或名词。做题时,除了根据句意进行判断外,主要应从其所作成分去考量

例句展示:

1.Todaya writer _______ (simple) throws an empty pen away and gets a new one.

答案与解析:simply考查副词。句意:今天,一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉,再买一支新的。空格处作状语,修饰动词throws,应用副词形式。故填simply

2.The sculpture differs ________ (technological) from other sculptures found in Western Europe and Siberiaand it could be the missing link tracing the origin of Chinese statues back to the early part of the Stone Age.

答案与解析:technologically 分析句子,设空处使用technological的副词作状语,意为技术上地

考点八:无提示词。

1.根据句子含义填冠词若空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,则一般填冠词有时还会考查冠词的固定搭配。

例句展示:

The Olympics are a series of international athletic competitions held in different countries. They're _______ important multi­sport event that takes place every four years.

答案与解析:an 设空处修饰名词event,表泛指,应用冠词,设空后important以元音音素开头,故填an

2.根据句子含义填介词:高考语法填空中对介词的考查侧重固定搭配或习惯用法,应注意平时多积累多背诵

例句展示:

The event aims to express support ________ international Chinese educationand to reveal the charm of Chinese language and culturewhile enhancing the cooperation between the Chinese and foreign education partners to eventually build a bright future together.

答案与解析:for名词support常与介词for连用,表示……的支持

3.根据句子含义填代词:当句子缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填入代词或名词。高考重点考察it作形式主语、形式宾语。

例句展示:

Besidesalmost every country has made ________ a must that children learn English in schools and colleges.

答案与解析:it 设空处为形式宾语,代替后面的that从句,故填it

4.根据句子含义填并列连词当空格处前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时,空格处一般填并列连词。此时要根据前后部分的逻辑关系或固定句式去填and, buthowever等。

例句展示:

There are plenty of other ways to enjoy Greece's amazing landscapesincluding planestrainsbuses ________ bicycles.

答案与解析:and 此处planestrainsbusesbicycles为并列关系,应用连词and

5.根据句子含义填定语从句关系代词或关系副词确定定语从句中关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中是否缺少主语、宾语、状语成分若定语从句缺少主语或宾语,需用关系代词,若从句结构完整但缺少时间、地点、原因等状语成分,则使用关系副词

例句展示:

1.Young people are an important part. The Day provides them with a platform ________ they can express their concerns and share their ideas.

答案与解析:where 分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,引导词在从句中作地点状语,修饰先行词platform,意为在平台中。故填where

2.There are also additional elements________ remind the audience of classic animations created by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio.

答案与解析:which 空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词additional elements,指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导定语从句,故填which

6.根据句子含义填名词性从句的引导词:

从属连词:that(无实际意义),ifwhether

连接代词:whowhomwhatwhateverwhichwhicheverwhoeverwhomever

连接副词:whenwherewhyhowwhenever

1.Understanding these sounds could help us know ________ crops are in need of waterso as to water them in time.

答案与解析:when/if/whether 引导宾语从句,从句不缺少成分,根据语境可知,听懂植物发出的声音有助于我们知道庄稼什么时候或是否需要水,故空格处填when/if/whether

2.What delights people most is ________ the digital publishing products are available on the flagship store of the 31st FISU Summer World University Games on TmallAlibaba's e­commerce platform.

答案与解析:that  is后接表语从句,句意和句子结构完整, 故填that

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